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Bir tür tarım sandığı olarak 1863 yılında kurulan Memleket Sandıkları ve ardından kurulan Menafi Sandıkları Ziraat Bankası’nın kuruluşuna esas teşkil etmişlerdir. Ziraat Bankası 1888 tarihinde kurulduğu zaman yerine geçtiği sandıkların aslî görevlerini, hukuk ve sorumluluklarını devralmıştır. Sandıkların sermayesinin büyük bir kısmının zirai üretim ve muhtaç çiftçiyi desteklemenin dışında sarf edilmesi ve yaşanan suistimallerden dolayı, tüm bunlara engel olmak üzere sandıkların yerini Ziraat Bankası almış ve kuruluş nizamnamesinde zirai faaliyetler dışında bir kimse veya girişime nakdî bir yardım yapılmayacağı kesin olarak vurgulanmıştır. Oysa daha sonraki uygulamalara bakıldığında sadece bir tarım bankası değil, bir devlet bankası gibi işlev gördüğü anlaşılmaktadır. Yani 1916 yılı kanunu ile bankanın tarım dışı alanlara el atmasının yasal zemini oluşturulduğu ve borçlu tanımının tarım dışı alanlara da genişletildiği döneme kadar, tarımı desteklemek dışında görevler de üstlenmiştir. Bayındırlık hizmetlerinin, eğitimin finansmanı, vergi tahsili vb. görevler üstlenerek devlet adına aracı bir kurum olmuş; devletin politik tavrına ve iktidarın önceliklerine göre de fonlarını sarf etmiştir.
As a kind of agricultural fund, the Homeland Funds and the Benefit Funds formed the basis for the establishment of the Agricultural Bank (Ziraat Bank) which was a continuation of these funds, also took over the essential duties, rights and responsibilities of the funds it replaced when it was founded in 1888. Due to the abuses and a large of the funds' capital were spent outside of agricultural production and instead of supporting the needed farmers. Therefore, the Ziraat Bank replaced the funds in order to prevent all these and it was clearly emphasized that no monetary aid will be given to any person or enterprise other than agricultural activities in the Ziraat Bank’s establisment regulations. However, when we look at the later applications, it is understood that it functioned not only as an agricultural bank, but also as a state bank. In other words, until the period when the legal basis for the bank’s involvement in non-agricultural areas was established with the law of 1916 and the definition of debtor was expanded to non-agricultural areas, it also undertaken the duties other than supporting agriculture. It became an intermediary institution on behalf of the state by undertaking duties such as financing of public works, education, tax collection, etc.It also spent its funds according to the political attitude of the state and the priorities of the government.
As a kind of agricultural fund, the Homeland Funds (the Memleket Sandığı) and the Benefit Funds (the Menafi Sandığı) formed the basis for the establishment of the Agricultural Bank (Ziraat Bank) which was a continuation of these funds, also took over the essential duties, rights and responsibilities of the funds it replaced when it was founded in 1888. Due to the abuses and a large of the funds’ capital were spent outside of agricultural production and instead of supporting the needy farmers. Therefore, the Ziraat Bank replaced the funds in order to prevent all these and it was clearly emphasized that no monetary aid will be given to any person or enterprise other than agricultural activities in the Ziraat Bank’s establisment regulations. However, when we look at the later applications, it is understood that it functioned not only as an agricultural bank, but also as a state bank. In other words, until the period when the legal basis for the bank's involvement in non-agricultural areas was established with the law of 1916 and the definition of debtor was expanded to non-agricultural areas, it also undertaken the duties other than supporting agriculture. It became an intermediary institution on behalf of the state by undertaking duties such as financing of public works, education, tax collection, etc.; it also spent its funds according to the political attitude of the state and the priorities of the government.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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