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Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın beklenenden uzun sürmesi Osmanlı Devleti’ni ekonomik, siyasi, askeri ve toplumsal açıdan zor duruma düşürmüştür. Savaşın son yılı İttihat ve Terakki Hükümeti istifa etmiş, üstelik Talat Paşa, Cemal Paşa, Enver Paşa gibi önemli isimler yurtdışına kaçmıştır. Cephelerde Osmanlı askerlerinin mevcutları iyice erimiştir. Bununla birlikte Irak, Suriye cephelerinde olduğu gibi cephelerden yenilgi haberleri artmaya başlamıştır. Bir yanda enflasyonist hareketler artarken diğer yanda toplumsal hayatta değişimler ve dönüşümler yaşanmıştır. Yaşanan bu sorunlar nedeniyle Osmanlı Devleti savaşı sona erdirmek için çareler aramaya başlamıştır. Başlangıç itibariyle doğrudan barış görüşmelerine başlamak yerine bunu müttefikleri aracılığı ile yapmak istemiştir. Bu amaçla öncelikle İspanya aracılığı ile Amerika’yla görüşmeler yapmış sonrasında da Fransa ve İngiltere ile temaslarda bulunmuştur. Uzun süren temaslar neticesinde Osmanlı Devleti’nin neredeyse umudunu kaybetmeye başladığı bir dönemde General Towsend’in yardımları neticesinde İngiltere ile barış görüşmelerine başlanmıştır. Fakat Mütareke görüşmelerine başlanması öncesi ve sonrasıyla Osmanlı Devleti’nde ciddi siyasi krizlere neden olmuştur. Özellikle barış görüşmelerine kimin gideceği hususunda tartışmalar yaşanmıştır. Ahmet İzzet Paşa, Nureddin Paşa, Erkan-ı Harbiye Reisi Sadullah ve Hariciye müsteşarı Reşat Hikmet Bey’i göndermek istediğini söylemiştir. Fakat Padişah, asker göndermenin doğru olmayacağını, birbirinin kanını dökmüş kimselerin barış yapma konusunda başarısız olacağı gerekçesi ile bu isimlerin gönderilmemesini belirtmiştir. Padişah, Damat Ferit Paşa’nın gitmesini önerirken Sadrazam Ahmet İzzet Paşa bu isme kesinlikle karşı çıkmıştır. Damat Ferit Paşa’nın gönderilmesini meclis de istememiştir. Meclis birinci murahhas olarak Bahriye nazırı Rauf Bey’in gönderilmesini istemiştir. Meclisin ve Ahmet İzzet Paşa’nın desteği ile görüşmelere Rauf Bey gitmiştir. Çalışmamızda Mondros Mütarekesi’nin imzalanma sürecinde Osmanlı Devleti’nde yaşanan siyasi gelişmeler, meselenin perde arkası ele alınmıştır.
The prolonged duration of the First World War has put the Ottoman State in a difficult economic, political, military and social situation. In the last year of the war, the Alliance and Terakki government resigned, and important names such as Talat Pasha, Cemal Pasha, Enver Pasha fled abroad. The presence of the Ottoman soldiers on the fronts is very well dissolved. However, the news of defeats from the fronts of Iraq, as on the Syrian fronts, has begun to rise. On the one hand, inflationist movements have increased, and on the other hand, social life has experienced changes and transformations. Because of these problems, the Ottoman State has begun to seek ways to end the war. From the beginning, instead of starting direct peace talks, he wanted to do so through his allies. For this purpose, he first negotiated with the United States through Spain and then held contacts with France and Britain. As a result of long-term talks, the Ottoman state began to lose hopes in a period when the aid of General Towsend began peace talks with Britain. But before and after the negotiations of the Mutareke, it caused serious political crises in the Ottoman State. There were discussions about who would go to peace talks. He said that he wanted to send Mr. Ishat Hikmet, Mr. Erkan-i Harbiye Reisi Sadullah and Mr. Aliciye. But Padişah stated that sending soldiers would not be right, and that those who wiped the blood of each other would fail to make peace, because these names would not be sent. Padişah suggested that Damat Ferit Pasha go while Sadrazam Ahmet Izzet Pasha has absolutely opposed this name. The parliament did not demand the sending of Damat Ferit Pasha. The Parliament has called for the first murahhas to send the Bahriye Nazari Mr. Rauf. With the support of the parliament and Ahmet Izzet Pasha, Mr. Rauf went to the talks. In our work, the political developments in the Ottoman State during the process of signing the Mondros Treaty have been addressed behind the curtain of the issue.
The fact that the First World War lasted longer than expected made the Ottoman State economically, politically, militarily and socially difficult. The Union and Progress Government resigned in the last year of the war, and important names such as Talat Pasha, Cemal Pasha and Enver Pasha fled abroad. The presence of Ottoman soldiers on the fronts has been reduced. Nevertheless, as with the Syrian fronts, defeat news started to increase from the fronts. On the one hand, while inflationary movements increased, on the other hand, changes and transformations occurred in social life. Due to these problems, the Ottoman Empire started to look for remedies to end the war. He initially wanted to do this through his allies, rather than directly start peace talks. For this purpose, he made negotiations with America first through Spain and then made contacts with France and England. As a result of the prolonged contacts, peace negotiations with England started as a result of the aid of General Towsend in a period when the Ottoman Empire almost started to lose hope. However, before and after the Armistice negotiations started, it caused serious political crises in the Ottoman State. There have been discussions especially about who will go to peace talks. He said that he wanted to send Ahmet Izzet Pasha, Nureddin Pasha, Erkan-i Harbiye Chief Sadullah and Undersecretary Reşat Hikmet Bey. However, the Sultan stated that sending soldiers would not be correct, and that those who shed each other's blood would fail to make peace, not to send these names. While the Sultan suggested that Damat Ferit Pasha go, Grand Vizier Ahmet Izzet Pasha absolutely opposed this name. The Assembly did not want Damat Ferit Pasha to be sent either. The Assembly requested that the Minister of the Navy, Rauf Bey, be sent as the first executive director. Rauf Bey went to the negotiations with the support of the Assembly and Ahmet Izzet Pasha. In our study, the political developments in the Ottoman State during the signing of the Mondros Armistice and the behind-the-scenes issue were discussed.
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