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Kapitalizmin gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğini artırması, ekonomik krizlere açık olması gibi sorunları bulunmaktadır. Küreselleşen Dünya finansal sistemi de bu sorunların daha da ağırlaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle konvansiyonel bankacılığa alternatif bankacılık sistemleri arayışları artmıştır. Bu arayışlar sonucunda ortaya çıkan İslami Bankacılık 1985 sonrası dönemde Türkiye’de de yayılmaya başlamıştır. Bu makalede katılım bankacılığının gelişimi, ortaya çıkış nedenleri, özellikleri, işleyişi, kullanılan finansal yöntemler ve Türkiye ekonomideki yeri ele alınmıştır. Türkiye’de katılım bankacılığı adıyla anılan İslami bankacılık faiz enstrümanını kullanmamakta, kara ve zarara katılma esasıyla çalışmaktadır. Türkiye Bankacılık sektöründe piyasa payının düşük olduğu gözlenen Katılım bankacılığının potansiyelinin yüksek olduğu ve gelecekte bu potansiyelini kullanarak İstanbul’u küresel bir finans merkezi olmasına yardım edeceği düşünülmektedir.
Capitalism has problems such as increasing incomparability in income distribution and being open to economic crises. The global financial system also causes these problems to worsen. Therefore, the search for alternative banking systems to conventional banking has increased. The Islamic Banking, which was the result of these searches, began to spread in Turkey in the period after 1985. This article discussed the development of participating banking, the causes of its appearance, its characteristics, its function, the financial methods used and its place in the Turkish economy. In Turkey, the Islamic banking, referred to as participation banking, does not use the interest instrument, it works on the basis of participation and loss. It is believed that the market share in the Turkish banking sector is low and the potential of participating banking is high and in the future it will help Istanbul to become a global financial center using this potential.
In this article, the development of participation banking, the reasons for its existence, its characteristics, its functioning, the financial methods used and its place in the Turkish economy are discussed. Participation banks are organizations operating in the financial system, financing the real economy and offering banking services. In short, it means the bank that works on the basis of participation in profit and loss, as the word participation suggests. So when collecting money from customers, it collects it as a fund in the participation fund account, not as a fixed-rate deposit. It is not promised fixed income or fixed interest. He collects money with the promise of joining profits and losses. Therefore, when the time comes, it gives its customers a high or low dividend when returning the money. At the same time, when using the money collected from customers, he cannot give the cash loan as an interest loan. Cash lends the loan in the form of a partnership to the business. In other things, the customer has done a job with the bank with which he or she is credited and shares the profits or losses with the bank. The bank, on the other hand, shares the profits and losses in these businesses with the other customers in the fund it collects.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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