Abstract:

The concept of ideology was first introduced and used during the French Revolution. While this concept initially evoked something positive (unity of ideas, correct way of thinking), it soon evolved into the opposite of what it depicted/expressed. In general, it is very difficult to describe ideology today because there is no clear and single agreed definition. However, it would be usual to describe ideology as a systematic way of thinking. Fascism, an ideology, first emerged in Italy under the leadership of Mussolini in a totalitarian manner based on unconditional absolute loyalty and obedience to the state. Later, Hitler's Nazi fascist dictatorship emerged in Germany. The cornerstone of Nazi fascism is the superior "Germanic" race. Fascism can be defined as a political ideology that aims to dominate every level of the state with a disciplined micro-nationalism. This study analyzes the book by Mark Neocleous, an academic, published in 2018, originally titled "Fascism", translated into Turkish by Doğan Barış Kılınç under the title "Fascism" and published by Notabene Publications. The main axis of this work is based on the thesis that fascism is not a phenomenon that starts in Italy and ends in Germany. In general, he examines these issues in his book. This book is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter deals with "Eternal War and the Destruction of Reason", the second chapter with "First I Became a Nationalist", the third chapter with "Revolution Against Revolution I", the fourth chapter with "Revolution Against Revolution II" and finally the fifth chapter with "The Iron Logic of Nature". This study is an example of qualitative research. In addition, historical research methods and descriptive research methods were used in the study