Abstract:

This study provides a comparative perspective on the historical evolution of management science in both international and Turkish contexts. Management science is a critical discipline that investigates fundamental principles and methods to ensure the effective functioning of organizations. Having profound implications on the efficiency, profitability, and sustainability of businesses, this discipline has rapidly evolved and transformed since the early 20th century. The study categorizes the historical evolution of management science into five main periods: the First Period (1900-1940), the Second Period (1940-1960), the Third Period (1960-1980), the Fourth Period (1980-2000), and the post-2000 period. Each period has witnessed variations in management approaches, organizational structures, and the understanding of business management. Furthermore, this research delves into the relationship between Turkey's historical development and the evolution of management science. It underscores that Turkey, especially during the Republican era, encountered distinct organizational structures and economic conditions compared to its Western counterparts. This distinction holds particular significance concerning the implementation of management science, as Turkey's economic and social conditions tended to impose constraints rather than promote entrepreneurship. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the significant relationship between management science and Turkey's historical development, offering both international and local perspectives. It provides an opportunity for both academic researchers and practitioners to gain a better understanding of how the evolution of management science has impacted organizational structures and business management.

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