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Orta Çağ Avrupası’nın en etkili sapkın gruplarından biri olan Katharlar oldukça uzun bir süre varlığını sürdürmüş ve birçok bölgede aktif olmuşlardır. Hatta Orta Çağ’ın en büyük sapkın hareketi olarak görülmüşlerdir. Katharlarda kadınların da erkekler kadar aktif olduğu hatta kadınların hareket içinde özel bir konuma sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Öyle ki Orta Çağ Avrupası’nda ikincil konumda bulunan kadınların bir Katolik olmaktansa bir Kathar olmayı tercih ettikleri söylenebilir. Zaten Orta Çağ’da farklı sebeplerden dolayı evinden ayrılmak zorunda kalan kadınlar için çok fazla bir seçenek yoktu. Onlar ya manastırlara girecekler ya da kadınları da içine alan dini bir topluluğa katılacaklardı. Bakıldığında manastırlar bir kadın için güvenli bir sığınaktı ve kadınlar buralarda eğitim de alabiliyorlardı. Ancak manastırlar özgür bir hayat biçimi sunmuyordu. Bu noktada Katharlar kadınlar için bir alternatif oluşturmuştur. Katharlar kadınlara saygı gösteren bir topluluk olmuştur. Onlara hem ritüeller hem de toplumsal statü bakımından Katoliklikte bulunmayan bazı avantajlar sunulmuştur. Kadınlar Katolik rahibelere göre daha özgür yaşamışlardır. Bunun yanında bu hareket içinde pek çok soylu kadın vardır ve bu kadınlar Kathar inancının yayılmasında aktif rol oynamışlardır. Kadınların her birinin harekete katılmak için farklı sebepleri vardır. Bazıları gönüllü bazıları da ailesinin zorlamasıyla hareket içinde aktif olmuşlardır. Çalışmamızda Katharların inançları, kadınların hareket içindeki konumu ve elde ettikleri haklardan bahsedeceğiz.
The Kathars, one of the most influential disregard groups in Middle Ages Europe, have remained in existence for a long time and have been active in many regions. They were even seen as the greatest movement of the Middle Ages. In Kathar, it is seen that women are as active as men, even that women have a special position in movement. So it can be said that women in the Middle Ages’ secondary position prefer to be a Kathar rather than to be a Catholic. In the Middle Ages, there was not a lot of choice for women who were forced to leave their home for different reasons. They would either enter the monasteries or join a religious community that included women. When seen, the monasteries were a safe shelter for a woman and women could also get education here. But the monasteries did not offer a free way of life. At this point, Katharars have created an alternative for women. The Catharics were a community that respected women. They were offered some advantages which were not found in Catholicism in terms of both rituals and social status. Women were more free than Catholic priests. In addition, there are many noble women in this movement, and these women have played an active role in the spread of Kathar faith. Each woman has different reasons to participate in the action. Some of them were voluntary and some of them were actively involved by the force of their family. In our study we will discuss the beliefs of the Kathars, the position of women in the movement and the rights they gain.
The Cathars, one of the most influential heretical groups in medieval Europe, existed for a considerable period of time and were active in many regions. They were even regarded as the largest heretical movement of the Middle Ages. In the Cathar movement, it is observed that women were as active as men and even had a special position within the movement. It can be said that women who were in a secondary position in medieval Europe preferred to be Cathars rather than Catholics. In fact, in the Middle Ages, there were not many options for women who had to leave their homes for various reasons. They would either enter monasteries or join a religious community that included women as well. In fact, monasteries were a safe haven for women and they could receive education there. However, monasteries did not offer a free way of life. At this point, the Cathars provided an alternative for women. The Cathars were a community that showed respect to women. They offered some advantages to women that were not found in Catholicism, both in terms of rituals and social status. Women lived more freely than Catholic nuns. In addition, there were many noble women in this movement, and these women played an active role in spreading the Cathar belief. Each woman had different reasons for joining the movement. Some of them participated voluntarily, while others were active in the movement due to their family’s pressure. In our study, we will talk about the beliefs of the Cathars, the position of women in the movement, and the rights they obtained.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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