Özet:

Propolis is a natural substance that honey bees (Apis mellifera) collect from various plants such as poplar, palm, pine, conifer secretion, gum, resin, mucilage and leaf buds. The biological properties of propolis vary depending on its chemical composition, plant resources, geographical region and seasons. More than 300 compounds have been identified in propolis, such as phenolic compounds, aromatic acids, essential oils, waxes, and amino acids. Propole components have inhibitory effects on ACE2, TMPRSS2 and PAK1 signaling pathways; In addition, antiviral activity has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. In preclinical studies, propolis supported the immunoregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including reduction in IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-α. This immunoregulation includes monocytes and macrophages as well as Jak2 / STAT3, NF-kB, and inflamma- toma pathways, reducing the risk of cytokine storm syndrome, an important death factor in advanced COVID-19 disease. Propolis is also a very important food in the treatment of various diseases that are particularly dangerous in COVID-19 patients, including respiratory illnesses, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. Considering the current emergency caused by the COVID-19 epidemic and limited treatment options, propolis is preferred in many countries as a safe, easy to consume, natural supplement and easily available as a functional food.

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