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Tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan Covid-19 pandemisinde ilk vaka 1 Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Wuhan Eyaletinde görülmüş ve 11 Mart 2020'de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından pandemi ilan edilmiştir (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı, 2020). Bu çalışmada, Covid-19 pandemisinin Türkiye'deki yolcu ve yük taşımacılığına etkilerini incelemek amacıyla 2011-2020 yılları arasındaki karayolu, demiryolu ve havayolu taşımacılığı verileri değerlendirmeye alınmış ve Covid-19 dönemi ile karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır. Bu üç sektöre yönelik çok fazla çalışma olmaması nedeniyle makalenin literatüre katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) kayıtlarındaki en güncel verilere 2020 yılı için ulaşılabilmiş ancak son yıllara ait denizyolu taşımacılığı verisi olmadığı için bu sektör analize dahil edilmemiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yolcu ve yük miktarlarına ilişkin verilerde 2019 yılına kadar her yıl sadece küçük bir değişiklik olması şeklinde istikrarlı bir seyir görülürken, 2020 yılında karayolu ve demiryolu yük taşımacılığı haricindeki diğer verilerde önemli ölçüde düşüş gözlemlenmiştir. 2020 yılında bir önceki yıla göre havayolu taşımacılığında yolcu sayısı %61, kargo miktarı ise %39 azalmıştır. Aynı şekilde, demiryolu yolcu sayısı %40 ve karayolu yolcu sayısı %15 azalırken, demiryolu ve karayolu yük taşıma miktarları sırasıyla %3 ve %2 artmıştır. Ek olarak 10 yıl içerisinde bu sektörlerdeki yolcu ve yük hacimlerinin payları da incelendiğinde, 2020 yılında karayolu ve demiryolu yük taşımacılığında artış, yolcu taşımacılığında ise düşüş olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca 2020 yılında 2019 yılına göre havayolu yolcu taşımacılığının payı %8, yük oranı ise aynı trendle %5 oranında gerilemiştir. Bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda, Covid-19 pandemisinin her üç sektörde de yolcu ve yük taşımacılığını olumsuz etkilediği ve ekonomik kayıplara neden olduğu ifade edilebilir.
The first case of the Covid-19 pandemic that affected the whole world was observed on 1 December 2019 in China's state of Wuhan and was declared pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey, 2020). In this study, data on road, rail and air transport between 2011-2020 were taken to be evaluated in order to study the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on passenger and cargo transport in Turkey and interpreted in comparison with the Covid-19 period. It is believed that due to the lack of much work on these three sectors, the article could contribute to literature. The latest data in the registers of the Turkish Statistical Bureau (TÜIK) was available for 2020 but this sector has not been included in the analysis because there are no data on maritime transportation from the last years. According to the findings obtained, the data on passengers and cargo amounts showed a stable shift in the form of only a small change each year by 2019, while in 2020, other data, except road and rail cargo transport, have observed a significant decline. In 2020, the number of passengers in air transport has decreased by 61% compared to the previous year, and the quantity of cargo has decreased by 39%. Similarly, the number of rail passengers decreased by 40% and the number of road passengers decreased by 15%, while the number of rail and road cargo transports increased by 3% and 2% respectively. In addition, in the course of 10 years, the percentage of passengers and cargo volumes in these sectors was also examined, and in 2020 the number of road and rail cargo transports was increased and the number of passengers was reduced. In addition, in 2020, compared to 2019, the share of air passenger transport has decreased by 8% and the load rate has decreased by 5% with the same trend. The results of these assessments can be stated that the Covid-19 pandemic has a negative impact on passenger and cargo transport in both three sectors and has caused economic losses.
The first case in the Covid-19 pandemic, which has influenced all over the world, was seen in the Wuhan Province of China on December 1, 2019, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020 (The Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, 2020). In this study, road, rail, and air transportation data between 2011 and 2020 were evaluated to examine the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on passenger and freight transportation in Turkey and interpreted by comparing them with the Covid-19 period. Since there were not many studies on these three sectors, it is thought that the article can contribute to the literature. The most recent data in the records of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) were accessed for the year 2020 but there was no data on maritime transportation for recent years, so this sector was not included in the analysis. According to the findings, until 2019, in all of the transportation data examined this study for every year there was a stable trend and only a tiny change, but in 2020, a significant decrease was observed these sectors on it except road and rail freight transportation. In 2020, the number of passengers decreased by 61% and the amount of cargo decreased by 39% in airline transportation compared to the previous year. Similarly, the number of railway passengers and road passengers has reduced by 40% and 15% respectively, whereas the amount of railway and road freight has increased by 3% and 2% respectively. In addition, within 10 years, the shares of passenger and freight volumes in these sectors were also examined, it was found that there was an increase in road and rail freight transportation and a decrease in passenger transportation in 2020. Also, in 2020 compared with 2019, the share of airline passenger transportation has declined by 8% and with the same trend, the freight rate has diminished by 5%. As a result of these assessments, it can be stated that the Covid-19 pandemic has negatively affected passenger and freight transportation in all three sectors and has caused economic losses.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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