Özet:

Aims: The purpose of this review is to consider the assessment of integrated fluoride exposure and “tolerable daily intake” in children including bottle-fed infants according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and European Union (EU) guidelines. Background: All people have the right to access drinking-water that is safe for human consumption, and it is the responsibility of the governments to regulate the supply and distribution of drinking-water that is essential to sustain life with respect to international health regulations and human rights. National drinking-water standards must be based on varying environmental, socio-cultural, socio-economic, dietary, and other factors affecting potential exposure. Total daily fluoride intake may vary depending on the different sources of exposure that are for instance, fluoride concentration in the air, drinking water and the amount consumed, levels in food and beverages and using dental preparations. The impact of fluoride is estimated based on the exposure duration and factors such as age i.e., daily mg dose per kg of body weight. Bottle-fed infants are considered as a high exposure group relative to their body weights. Therefore, the risk should be separately assessed for every life stage, especially children under 3 years old, partially breastfed and formula fed infants, certainly pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. Conclusion: In this article, the “Guideline Value” and “Tolerable Daily Intake” for children which do not result in any significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption will be explained. Additionally, this review will keep light on public health, especially children's health, in evaluating fluoride intake and it can improve national drinking-water quality based on fluoridation and derogation which is in progress to eliminate high values.

Anahtar Kelimeler: