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I.Dünya Savaşı’ndan yenilgiyle ayrılan Osmanlı Devleti, bu savaşın deniz cephelerinde de umduğunu bulamadı. Donanmasını, kara kuvvetlerini desteklemek amacıyla, savaş öncesinde hazırladığı sefer planlarında harekâtın önemli bir unsuru olarak düşünen Osmanlı Devleti, savaş başlayınca aldığı sonuçlara göre bu planları revize etmek durumunda kaldı. Bununla beraber I.Dünya Savaşı, denizlerde önemli mücadelelere sahne oldu. I.Dünya Savaşı süresince Osmanlı Devleti açısından en önemli deniz cephesi, Karadeniz’di. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Karadeniz’de donama için düşündüğü görevler Deniz nakliyatını korumak, olası bir Rus çıkarmasına engel olmak, Çatalca ve Boğazların savunulmasına katılmak ve düşman donanmasını imha etmekti. Deniz harekâtının en yoğun icra edildiği bu cephede Mecidiye kruvazörü, Osmanlı muharip unsurları arasında önemli bir yer işgal etti. Bu makalenin yazılış amacı, I.Dünya Savaşı’nda Karadeniz cephesinde icra edilen önemli harekâtlardan birinde yaşanan ve Mecidiye kruvazörünün batması ve Rusların eline geçmesiyle neticelenen olayı anlatmak olarak planlandı. Çalışmada Mecidiye kruvazörünün Osmanlı donanmasına katılışı, geminin teknik özellikleri, Karadeniz cephesinde karşılıklı mücadele eden Osmanlı ve Rus donanmalarının durumları anlatıldıktan sonra, esas konu olan geminin batışı, Ruslar tarafından denizden çıkartılıp kendi donanmalarına dahil edişi ve Mecidiye kruvazörünün yeniden Osmanlı donanmasının bir gemisi oluşu süreci ele alındı.
The Ottoman State, which was defeated from World War I, did not find hope for this war on the sea fronts. The Ottoman State, which considers its naval as an important element of the movement in its pre-war flight plans, in order to support its land forces, has to review these plans according to the results it has received when the war begins. However, the First World War was the scene of major struggles in the seas. During World War I, the most important maritime front of the Ottoman State was the Black Sea. The tasks that the Ottoman State thought about for the Navy in the Black Sea were to protect the marine transport, to prevent the possible Russian expulsion, to participate in the defense of the Catalca and the Gulf and to destroy the enemy Navy. In this front where the maritime movement was carried out, the Mecidiye cruiser occupied an important place among the Ottoman militant elements. The purpose of this article was to describe the event that occurred in one of the important movements carried out on the Black Sea Front during World War I and resulted in the fall of the Mecidiye cruiser and the Russian passing into the hands. In the study, the participation of the Mecidiye cruiser in the Ottoman Navy, the technical characteristics of the ship, the situation of the Ottoman and Russian Navy fighting each other on the Black Sea front, the main subject was the process of the ship's departure, the Russian's withdrawal from the sea and incorporation into their own navy, and the Mecidiye cruiser again formed a ship of the Ottoman Navy.
Having been defeated in the First World War, Ottoman Empire also failed to find the success in the sea front. Ottoman Empire considered naval forces as a supporting power of the army in their strategic plans. However, when the war broke out, the plan had to be revised. The First World War witnessed important battles on the sea. For the Ottoman Empire, the most important sea front was the Black sea. The duties of the navy as considered by Ottoman Empire were to protect the trade, prevent a possible Russian invasion, join the defense of Çatalca and the Bosphorus, and destroy the opponent navy. The cruiser, Medjidieh played an important role among Ottoman combating elements. The aim of the article is to describe the process of one of the important operations that took place in Black Sea during the First World War which resulted in the sinking of the Medjidieh and capturing of it by the Russians. In this article, the cruiser Medjidieh’s joining to the Ottoman Navy, technical features of the cruiser were explained followed by the description of the Naval forces of the Russia and the Ottoman Empire. This article focuses on the sinking of Medjidieh, raising of it to the surface by the Russians as well as including the cruiser in their navy and repossession of the cruiser by the Ottomans.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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