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19
Ekonomik faaliyeti sermayeden ziyade bedenî çalışmaya dayanan sanat veya ticaretle uğraşan çalışma grubunu temsil eden esnaf, devletlerin ekonomilerinin canlılığını ve sürdürülebilirliğini sağlaması bakımından oldukça önemli bir ticari sınıftır. Vatandaş ile esnaf arasında köprü vazifesi gören devletin; halkın maddî ve manevî anlamda zarar görmesini engellemek için esnafı denetleme vazifesi vardır. Osmanlı’da devlet, başlangıçta esnaf denetiminde en üst makam olarak kadıyı görevlendirirken Tanzimat’tan sonra bu vazifeyi koyduğu kanunlarla belediyelere vermiştir. Ayrıca devlet, belediyelere kanunlara dayanmak ve bağlı olmak şartıyla talimatname çıkarma ve uygulama yetkisi de vermiştir. Bu talimatnamelerden birisi de 1919 yılında Matbaa-i Âmire tarafından basılan Esnafın Riâyete Mecbur Olduğu Evâmir-i Belediye Hakkında Talimât isimli talimatnamedir. Bu talimatnamede gıda üretimi ve satışı yapan esnaf muhatap alınmaktadır. Çalışmamıza kaynak olan bu talimatname, günümüzdeki gerek gıda denetimi ve kontrolü gerekse işyeri, personel ve alet-ekipman hijyeni kanununun geçirdiği tarihi gelişimi göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Ayrıca bu talimatnamenin Cumhuriyet döneminin hemen öncesinde yayımlanması ve bu talimatnamenin dayandığı Vilâyât-ı Belediye Kânûnu’nun 1930’a kadar yürürlükte kalması bu talimatnameyi değerli kılmaktadır.
The trade, which represents the work group of art or trade based on economic activity rather than capital, is a very important trade class in terms of ensuring the vitality and sustainability of the economies of the states. The state, which sees the bridge between the citizen and the trade, has the duty to control the trade to prevent the people from being damaged in a material and spiritual sense. In Ottoman, the state initially appointed the woman as the highest authority in trade control, while after Tanzimat, it gave it to the municipalities with the laws it placed this duty. In addition, the state has given the municipalities the power to issue and exercise instructions under the condition that they are subject to the laws and to comply with them. One of these instructions is the instructions named Talimât on the Municipality of Evâmir, where the Esnaf was obliged to rise, which was printed by Matbaa-i Âmir in 1919. This is the case for the manufacturing and selling of food. This guidance, which is the source of our work, is important in order to show the historic development of the current food inspection and control of the workplace, staff and equipment hygiene law. Furthermore, the publication of this instructions right before the Republic period and the maintenance of this instructions by the Municipality of Villayât-i Kânûnu until 1930 make this instructions valuable.
Shop keepers, whose economic activity is based on physical work rather than capital and who represent a working group occupying with arts or trade, is a very important commercial class in terms of ensuring the vitality and sustainability of state economies. The state, which acts as bridge between citizens and Shop keepers, has the authority to supervise the Shop keepers in order to prevent material and moral damage of the people. In the Ottoman Empire, the state initially assigned the judge as the highest authority for the supervision of tradesmen. But, following the Reforms, this authority was legally given to the municipalities. In addition, the state also empowered municipalities to issue and implement directives provided that they are based on and bound by the law. One of these directives was “The Ordinance on Municipal Orders that Shop keepers are Obliged to Obey” which was published by the Chief Publishing House in 1919. In this instruction, the shopkeepers who produced and sold food were addressed. This directive, which is the primary source of this study, is important in that it shows the historical development of the laws on food control and inspection and on workplace, staff and equipment hygiene. In addition, the facts that this directive was published just before the Republican period and that the Law on City Councils, upon which this directive was based, remained in force until 1930 make this directive even more valuable.
Alan : İlahiyat
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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