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  Citation Number 1
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Osmanlı Devleti’nin Dış Ticaretinin Çekim Modeli Yaklaşımı ile Analizi
2019
Journal:  
Turkish Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

19. yüzyılda Dünya ticaretinin hacmi önceki dönemler ile karşılaştırıldığında oldukça önemli bir büyüme göstermiştir. Bu nedenle bu döneme Birinci Küreselleşme Dalgası adı da verilmektedir. Bu büyümenin temel nedeni Sanayi Devrimi’ne bağlı olarak üretim teknolojisi ve ulaştırma olanaklarında yaşanan gelişmelerdir. Yüzyılın ilk yarısında serbest ticarete yönelik atılan fikri temeller yüzyılın ikinci yarısındaki politika uygulamalarını yakından etkilemiştir. 20. Yüzyılın başı ile birlikte büyük ölçüde bütünleşmiş bir dünya ekonomisinden bahsetmek mümkündür. Bu bütünleşme ve genişleme Osmanlı Devleti’nin dış ticaretinde de kendisini göstermiştir. Özellikle yüzyılın son çeyreği değerlendirildiğinde Osmanlı Devleti’nin dış ticaret hacmi önemli bir artış gösterdiği gibi Batılı devletler arasında da yoğun bir rekabete sahne olmuştur. Şüphesiz Osmanlı dış ticaretinin şekillenmesinde ticaret partnerlerinin iktisadi ve siyasi güçleriyle bağlantılı bir biçimde imzalanan serbest ticaret anlaşmalarının yanı sıra ilgili ülkelerin uzaklığı, nüfusu ve Osmanlı Devleti ile kültürel yakınlığı da etkili olmuştur. Çekim Modeli ülkeler arasındaki ticaret akımlarını belirlemede ülkelerin iktisadi büyüklüklerini, nüfuslarını ve aralarındaki coğrafi mesafeyi açıklayıcı değişkenler olarak kullanmaya imkan vermektedir. Bu çerçevede bu çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nin 1878-1900 dönemindeki dış ticareti Çekim Modeli yardımıyla ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular Osmanlı Devleti’nin söz konusu dönem aralığında ticaret partnerleri ile olan ticari ilişkilerini açıklamada Çekim Modeli’nin geçerli olduğunu, ticarete taraf olan ülkeler arasındaki coğrafi uzaklık arttıkça ticaretin azaldığını ve ticaret taraf olan ülkelerin ekonomik büyüklüğü arttıkça ticaret hacminin arttığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords:

Analysis of the Ottoman State's External Trade Attraction Model Approach
2019
Journal:  
Turkish Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

In the 19th century, the volume of world trade showed a significant growth compared to the previous periods. This period is also called the First Wave of Globalization. The main reason for this growth is the developments in production technology and transportation capabilities due to the Industrial Revolution. The ideological foundations for free trade set in the first half of the century have closely influenced the policy practices in the second half of the century. 20 is. With the beginning of the century, it is possible to talk about a largely integrated world economy. This integration and expansion also showed itself in the Ottoman State’s foreign trade. Especially when assessed the last quarter of the century, the volume of foreign trade of the Ottoman State showed a significant increase, as it has been a scene of intense competition between the Western states. Without a doubt, the forming of Ottoman foreign trade, the free trade agreements signed in connection with the economic and political forces of trade partners, as well as the distance, population and cultural proximity of the relevant countries have also been influential with the Ottoman State. The drawing model enables the country’s economic size, population and geographical distance to be used as an explanatory variable in determining trade flows between countries. In this framework, this study is addressed by the Ottoman State’s 1878-1900 period of foreign trade with the help of the Attraction Model. The findings obtained in the study show that the Ottoman State's trade relations with its trade partners in the relevant period are valid, the geographical distance between the countries which are the parties to the trade increases the trade decreases and the economic size of the countries which are the parties to the trade increases the trade volume.

Keywords:

A Gravity Model Approach To Analyzing The Trade Of The Ottoman Empire
2019
Journal:  
Turkish Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

The volume of international trade showed a significant increase in the 19th century compared with previous periods. Therefore this period is called the first wave of the globalization. The main reasons for the growth in trade were the developments in the production technologies and, transportation facilities in accordance with the Industrial Revolution. The intellectual foundations of free trade that were put forward in the first half of the 19th century affected the policy implications closely in the second half of the 19th century. It is possible to speak of a large-scaled integrated world economy at the beginning of the 20th century. This integration and commercial expansion showed their selves in the foreign trade of the Ottoman Empire. The volume of foreign trade of the Ottoman Empire increased significantly as it witnessed the intense competition between the western powers especially in the last quarter of the century. Free trade treaties signed in conjunction with the economic and political power of the trading partners were effective in the formation of the foreign trade of the Ottoman Empire as well as distance, population and cultural affinity. The Gravity Model enables the use of economic size, population, and geographical distance between countries as explanatory variables in determining trade flows between countries. In this framework, the foreign trade of the Ottoman Empire in the period 1878-1900 is analyzed using the Gravity Model in this study. According to the findings; the Gravity Model ise valid for the explanation of the commercial relationship between the Ottoman Empire and her trading partners in the mentioned period. When the geographical distance between the parties increases the volume of the trade decreases. On the contrary when the economic magnitude of the parties increases the volume of the trade also increases

Keywords:

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Turkish Studies

Field :   Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

Metrics
Article : 12.054
Cite : 46.457
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Turkish Studies