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Kur’an, insanlığa gönderilmiş olan son ilahi mesajdır. Bu mesajın içinde insanı hidayete ileten Allah’ın emir ve yasakları mevcuttur. Mesaj doğrultusunda hareket eden hidayete nail olmakta; aksi takdirde dalalete düşmektedir. Böylesine önemli mesajın insanlara aktarılması görevi de Hz. Muhammed’e tevdi edilmiştir. O, görevini yerine getirirken çeşitli zorluklarla ve engellemelerle karşılaşmıştır. Görevi esnasında Mekke müşriklerinden onun şahsına ve üstlendiği göreve karşı olumsuz tutum ve davranışlar ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. İşin başında Hz. Muhammed’e gösterilen tepki nispeten daha yumuşakken giderek bu tepki daha da sertleşmiştir. Böyle bir neticenin ortaya çıkmasında putlar aleyhine nazil olan ayetlerin rolü büyüktür. Böylesine bir ortamda müşrikler, Hz. Peygamber ile alay etmişler; onu sihirbaz, kâhin, şair, deli gibi olumsuz sözlerle nitelendirmişlerdir. Daha sonra onunla tartışmaya girişmişler, baş edemeyince uzlaşmayı denemişlerdir. Bu durum sonucunda da başarı sağlayamayan müşrikler ona ve Müslümanlara boykot uygulamışlardır. Bütün bunlar olurken Müslümanlara yönelik fiili saldırılarını daha da yoğunlaştırmışlardır. Hatta Hz. Peygamber’i öldürmek için bir suikast bile tertip etmişlerdir. Bütün bunların sonucunda Müslümanlar Medine’ye hicret etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Ancak Hz. Muhammed ne pahasına olursa olsun tebliğ ettiği davasından geri adım atmamıştır. Kur’an’ın ayetlerini bütün gayretiyle anlatmaya devam etmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu ayetler Hz. Muhammed’e müşrikler karşısında sabrı tavsiye etmiştir. Böylece bu ayetlerin manevi desteğiyle de Hz. Muhammed’in motivasyonu tam anlamıyla sağlanmış oldu. Bu çalışmamızda Mekkî sureler bağlamında Hz. Peygamber’e uygulanan olumsuz tutum ve davranışlar ele alınacaktır. Bu tutum ve davranışlar zaman zaman fiziksel, zaman zaman da psikolojik eziyetler olarak kendini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda fiziksel ve psikolojik eziyetler farklı alt başlıklar halinde ele alınacaktır.
The Qur’an is the last divine message sent to mankind. In this message, there are orders and prohibitions from God, which guides the human being to the world. Finding the right way to move in the direction of the message; otherwise it falls into heresy. Muhammad was also given the task of transferring such an important message to the people. He has encountered various difficulties and obstacles while performing his mission. The reaction to Muhammad at the beginning of his work was relatively soft, and the reaction became even harder. In the emergence of such a conqueror the role of the verses that are against the idols is great. In such an environment, the polytheists mocked the Prophet; they described it as negative words like magician, priest, poet, madman. Then they began to argue with him, they tried to compromise when they could not cope. The Polytheists, who did not succeed in this, also boycotted him and the Muslims. All these things have intensified the actual attacks against Muslims. They even organized an assassination to kill the prophet. However, Muhammad did not step back from his case he had notified at any cost. He continued to tell the verses of the Qur’an with all his effort. At the same time, these verses recommended patience to the idolaters of Muhammad. Thus, with the spiritual support of these verses, the motivation of Muhammad was fully realized. In this study, negative attitudes and behaviors applied to Prophet Muhammad in the context of the Mekki surahs will be discussed. These attitudes and behaviors occasionally manifested themselves as physical, occasionally psychological persecutions. For this reason, our physical and psychological suffering will be handled in different sub-heads.
The Qur'an is the last divine message sent to mankind. In this message, there are orders and prohibitions from Allah, which guides the human being to the world. Finding the right way to move in the direction of the message; otherwise it falls into heresy. Muhammad was also given the task of transferring such an important message to the people. He has encountered various difficulties and obstacles while performing his mission. The reaction to Muhammad at the beginning of his work was relatively soft, and the reaction became even harder. In the emergence of such a conqueror the role of the verses which are against the idols is great. In such an environment, the polytheists mocked the Prophet; they described it as negative words like magician, priest, poet, madman. Then they started to argue with him, they tried to compromise when they could not cope. The polytheists, who did not succeed in this, also boycotted him and the Muslims. All these things have intensified the actual attacks against Muslims. They even organized an assassination to kill the Prophet. However, Muhammad did not step back from his case he had notified at any cost. He continued to tell the verses of the Qur'an with all his effort. At the same time, these verses recommended patience to the idolaters of Muhammad. Thus, with the spiritual support of these verses, the motivation of Muhammad was fully realized. In this study, negative attitudes and behaviors applied to Prophet Muhammad in the context of Mekkî surahs will be discussed. These attitudes and behaviors occasionally manifested themselves as physical, occasionally psychological persecutions. For this reason, our physical and psychological sufferings will be handled in different sub-headings.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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