Özet:

Primary school is the basis of human life. The events in this period will also significantly influence his perspective on life in the future. The first special laws on pre-school education were issued by France and Spain in the middle of the 19th century. The first practice of the subject was carried out in 1767 by Johann Friderich Oberlin, a religious man, with the establishment of pre-school institutions, which means the "salle d'asile" refuge house, where their parents opened for the accommodation, protection, care and education of small children working in the fields. On the other hand, the introduction of small children to the "salle d'hospitalité", which is today called the guest houses, began in Paris in the early 1801 (Vasconcellos, 1999:36-37). By 1848 the shelter was replaced by the school maternelle/nursery school. These pre-school institutions in that period more and more have a function aimed at protecting the child from external damage and ensuring the safety of the child. First of all, working mothers’ children’s care and children at risk are established with the aim of bringing the children at the same level as others, and today, the kindergartens are transformed into educational institutions that are trying to bring the children’s individual development to the highest level, ensure their socialization, increase their sensitivity to the environment and gain their basic acquisitions, on the other hand, all families want their children to be included in the first class and, more importantly, at the beginning of the primary school, in an effort to reduce the problems that may be faced towards equal opportunities.

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