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Seçimler, demokratik toplumlarda vatandaşların yönetime katılımının sağlanması ve hükümetin kurulması için önemli ve vazgeçilmez bir araçtır. Seçimler sonunda seçmenlerin oylarıyla bürokratik ya da siyasi görevleri üstlenecek ve iş başına gelecek kişiler belirlenir. Ancak seçimler, yalnızca bir seçme eylemi değildir zira bir sürecin parçasını da oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısı ile seçmenin oy verme davranışları çeşitli faktörlere göre değişirken; bu faktörlerin hangi çerçevede değiştiğinin anlaşılması seçmenlerin kritik yeniden saflaşmaları ve kritik seçimlerin ortaya çıkmasının anlaşılması için önemlidir. Kritik seçim teorisi, seçim dönemlerinde seçmenlerin süregiden bir durumu ani ve radikal bir biçimde değiştirecek yeniden saflaşmasını ifade eder. Kritik yeniden saflaşmalar ve kritik seçimler sonucunda seçime giren partilerin önceki seçimlere göre oyları artar veya oylarda radikal bir azalma yaşanır. Bu teoriye göre seçmenlerin oy verme davranışı oy verilen partiye duyulan memnuniyetsizlik, sosyo-ekonomik durum, dış politika, seçmen psikolojisi, lider etkisi veya seçim zamanlarında partilerin kullandıkları söylemler gibi birçok etmene göre değişebilmektedir. Türkiye’de 1999’dan 2002’ye giden süreçte ekonomik, siyasi ve toplumsal alanlarda gerçekleşen iç ve dış dinamikler, seçmenlerin oy kullanma tercihi üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Bu bağlamda bu makalede kritik yeniden saflaşma ve kritik seçim teorisi ışığında Türkiye’de 18 Nisan 1999 genel seçimlerinden 3 Kasım 2002 genel seçimlerine giden süreç, iç ve dış dinamikler çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle kritik yeniden saflaşma ve kritik seçim teorisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Ardından Türkiye’de belirtilen süreçte iç ve dış dinamikler ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, seçimlerden başarılı bir sonuç alan Genç Parti ve Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi üzerinden bir değerlendirme sunulmuştur. Genç Parti’nin yükselişi ve Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin koalisyon hükümetlerinin ardından tek parti hükümeti kurması konu bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada Türkiye’de 1999 ve 2002 genel seçimlerinin siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal yapısını iç ve dış dinamikler bağlamında çözümlemek, “kritik yeniden saflaşma” ve “kritik seçim” ile ilgili kavramsal ve metodolojik tartışmanın ana hatlarını oluşturmaktadır.
Elections are an important and indispensable tool for the participation of citizens in the government and the formation of a government in democratic societies. At the end of the elections, the voters will take office of bureaucratic or political duties, and the people who will come to work will be determined. But elections are not just an action of choice because they are also part of a process. Thus, while the voting behavior of the voter varies according to various factors; understanding in which framework these factors change is important for critical refinancing of the voters and understanding the emergence of critical elections. The critical election theory refers to the re-clearance of voters during the election period that will suddenly and radically change a continued situation. As a result of critical reinforcements and critical elections, the votes of the parties entering the elections are increasing compared to the previous elections or there is a radical decrease in the votes. According to this theory, the voting behavior of the voters can vary according to many things, such as dissatisfaction with the voted party, socio-economic situation, foreign policy, voter psychology, leadership influence or the words the parties use in the election time. In Turkey, the internal and external dynamics in the economic, political and social spheres during the period from 1999 to 2002 have influenced the voter’s preference to vote. In this context, this article, in light of critical refinement and critical election theory, examined the process in Turkey from the general elections of 18 April 1999 to the general elections of 3 November 2002, within the framework of internal and external dynamics. The study focused primarily on the theory of critical refinement and the theory of critical choice. In Turkey, the internal and external dynamics have been thoroughly examined. In this study, a evaluation was presented through the Youth Party and Justice and Development Party, which received a successful result from the elections. The rise of the Youth Party and the formation of a single party government after the coalition governments of the Justice and Development Party were analyzed in the context of the topic. In the study, the political, economic, social structure of the 1999 and 2002 general elections in Turkey in the context of internal and external dynamics is the main lines of the conceptual and methodological debate on "critical refinement" and "critical elections".
Elections are an important and indispensable tool for ensuring the participation of citizens in government and the formation of a government in democratic societies. At the end of the elections, voters' votes determine who will take on bureaucratic or political duties and undertake the job. But elections are not just an act of choice, because they also form a part of a process. Thus, while voting behaviors of the voters vary according to various factors, understanding the context in which these factors change is important for understanding the critical re of the voters and the emergence of critical elections. Critical election theory refers to the realignment of voters during election periods that will suddenly and radically change an ongoing situation. As a result of critical realignment and critical elections, the votes of the parties entering the election increase or decrease radically compared to the previous elections. According to this theory, the voting behavior of voters can vary according to many factors, such as dissatisfaction with the party, socio-economic situation, foreign policy, voter psychology, leader influence, or the rhetoric used by parties at election times. Internal and external dynamics in Turkey in the economic, political and social areas during the period from 1999 to 2002 have had an impact on voters' choice to vote. In this context, this article reviews the process in Turkey from the general elections of 18 April 1999 to the general elections of 3 November 2002 in light of re-division and critical election theory within the framework of internal and external dynamics. First, the study focused on critical realignment and critical election theory. Then, internal and external dynamics were examined in detail in the relevant process of Turkey. In this study, an assessment presented on Young Party and Justice and Development Party, which achieved successful results in the elections. The rise of the Young Party and the establishment of a single-party government by the Justice and Development after the coalition governments have been analyzed within the scope of the subject. The aim of the study is to analyze the political, economic and social structure of1999 and 2000 General Elections in Turkey within the context of the internal and external dynamics and form an outline of the contextual and methodological discussion regarding the "critical realignment" and "critical election".
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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