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Abstract This paper problematizes adjustments made in social policies for child welfare in Brazil, from the analysis of official documents of Criança Feliz Programme. Considering Foucault’s studies on neoliberalism in its North-American approach, the paper analyzes the strategies of investment in human capital put into action by the Programme, both those related to its innate and biological elements and those associated with acquired elements. The discourse claiming that the widest window of opportunities occurs in childhood is powerful to convince and govern subjects within the family. In poor childhood, the government of population is intended to contain social risks by investing in low-cost welfare and education projects with biopolitical goals attuned to the current rationality.

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