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Kaynağını Tevrat ve Kur’an’dan alan Yusuf kıssasının Türk edebiyatında ilk örneği 13. yüzyılda Ali tarafından ortaya konulmuştur. Bu tarihten 19. yüzyıla kadar pek çok Yusuf kıssası yazılmıştır. 13. yüzyılın sonu ve 14. yüzyılın başlarında yaşadığı tahmin edilen Şeyyad Hamza’nın Eski Anadolu Türkçesiyle yazmış olduğu Yûsuf u Zelîha mesnevisi kuruluş devri Türkçesini yansıtan ilk eserlerden biridir. Saf Oğuzca ile yazılmış olup bazı karakteristik özellikleri ve arkaik unsurları barındırmaktadır. Oğuz Türkçesi Karahanlı Türkçesinden bağımsız olarak Anadolu’da yazı dili hâline gelmiştir. Oğuz Türkçesinin yazılı metinlerinin olmadığı 11. yüzyıldaki durumu hakkında Kaşgarlı Mahmud Divânu Lügâti’t-Türk adlı eserinde bilgiler vermektedir. Şeyyad Hamza’nın Yûsuf u Zelîhası Doğu Türkçesinin etkisi altında olmadan saf Oğuz Türkçesiyle yazılmıştır. Araştırmacıların çoğu bu fikri kabul etmektedir. Harezm sahasında 1358’den önce yazıldığı tahmin edilen mensur kırk hadis kitabı Nefcü’l-Ferâdis’te ikinci fasılda Zina Kılmak Afatının Beyanı başlığı altında on sayfalık Yusuf kıssası bölümü bulunmaktadır. Doğu Türkçesinin ağırlıklı izlerini taşıyan Harezm Türkçesi Harezm bölgesinde yaşayan Oğuz boyları tarafından da kullanılmış ve Oğuzca etkilere maruz kalmıştır. Oğuz ve Harezm lehçeleriyle yazılmış olan Yusuf kıssaları normal olarak yazıldıkları lehçenin ve dönemin dil özelliklerini yansıtır. Ancak bu lehçelerin birbirini etkilediği ve Harezm Türkçesi eserlerinin bazılarının Oğuz müellifler tarafından yazıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu sebeple ses-şekil özellikleri, söz varlığı ve eskicillik açısından yapılacak mukayese çalışmaları bu kıssaların ilişkisini ortaya koymak için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada her iki metin karşılaştırılmış, aynı konuda ve birbirine yakın zamanlarda ve farklı iki lehçede yazılmış Yusuf kıssaları metninin ses-şekil özellikleri ve söz varlığı ve eskicillik bakımından değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
The first example in Turkish literature of the Yusuf cessation, which has its source from the Tevrat and the Qur’an, was revealed by Ali in the 13th century. From this date to the 19th century, many Joseph's cuts have been written. At the end of the 13th century and in the beginning of the 14th century, it is estimated that Sheyad Hamza has written with Ancient Anadolu Turkish, which is one of the first works that reflect the establishment period Turkish. It is written with pure Son and has some characteristic characteristics and archaeological elements. His son, independently of the Turkish Karahanlı Turkish, became a written language in Anadolu. His son gives information about the situation in the 11th century without the written texts of Turkish Mahmud Divânu Lügâti't-Türk. Sheyad Hamza's Yûsuf u Zelîhâ is written with pure Son Turkish without the influence of the Eastern Turkish. Most researchers accept this idea. In the Harezm field, the estimated fourteen hadiths, which were written before 1358 in the second phase of Nefcü'l-Ferâdis, under the title of the Declaration of the Afat of Zina Kılmak, there is a ten-page section of Yusuf's cessation. It was also used by the Son's lengths living in the Harezm Turkish region, which carries the heavy traces of Eastern Turkish, and has been exposed to Son's effects. The sons of Joseph and the sons of Harezm, which are written with the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics of the lyrics. But it is known that these leaves have influenced each other and some of the Harezm Turkish works are written by the Son of the Muslims. Therefore, the compare work to be done in terms of sound-shaped characteristics, word existence and ancientity is important to reveal the relationship of these shortcomings. In this study, the two texts were compared, in the same subject and in recent times and in the different two verses of the text’s sound-shaped characteristics and the existence of the word and the ancientity were evaluated.
The first example of the story of Yusuf in Turkish literature whose source is the Torah and the Qur'an was introduced by Ali in the 13th century. From the 13th century to the 19th century, many Yusuf u Zelîhâ stories were written. Yûsuf u Zelîha mesnevi which Şeyyad Hamza, estimated to have lived at the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, wrote with Old Anatolian Turkish is one of the first works to reflect the Turkish language of the foundation age. It was written in Pure Oguz Turkish and contains some characteristic features and archaic elements. Oguz Turkish became a writing language in Anatolia independently from Karahanid Turkish. Kaşgarlı Mahmud Divânu gives information in Lügâti’t-Türk about the situation of Oguz Turkish in the 11th century when there were no written texts. Şeyhad Hamza's Yûsuf u Zelâha was written in pure Oguz Turkish without the influence of Eastern Turkish. Most researchers agree with this idea. There is a ten-page section of Yusuf Parable under the title of Declaration of The Evil of Adultery in the second chapter in the 42 th Hadei Hadith book, Nefcü Kl-Ferâdis, which was estimated to have been written before 1358 at Khwarezm area. The Khwarezm Turkish bearing the predominant traces of Eastern Turkish was also used by the Oguz tribes living in the Khwarezm region and was exposed to the effects of Oguz Turkish. The Yusuf parables, written in the Oguz and Khwarezm dialects, normally reflect the dialectic and linguistic features of the period in which they were written. However, it is known that these dialects affect each other, and some of the works of Khwarezm Turkish were written by Oguz authors. For this reason, comparison of sound-shape characteristics, vocabulary and obsolescence is important for revealing the relationship of these parables. In this study, both texts were compared, and sound-shape characteristics and vocabulary of Yusuf Parables written at a very close time and in a different dialect were evaluated in terms of veracity and obsolescence.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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