Görüntüleme
10
İndirme
7
Fıkıh usûlünde bilinmektedir ki mükellef ya müctehid ya da mukallittir. Müctehidin doğrudan şer’î hükümleri delillerinden çıkarmaya gücü yetmektedir. Zaten ictihad onun görevidir. Mukallidin ise hükümleri delillerinden çıkarmaya gücü yetmez dolayısıyla müctehidleri taklit etmesi gerekir. Hicrî IV. asırdan itibaren Müslümanlar arasında dört imamı taklid etme geleneği yaygınlaştı. Ayrıca bu mezhepler usûl, fürû ve kurallarıyla olgunlaştı. Gerek âlimler gerekse halk nezdinde takipçileri çoğaldı. Zikredilen bu taklit olgusu, iki karşıt bakış açısını doğurdu. Bunlardan biri bu olguyu övülecek bir şey olarak görmektedir. Çünkü dört mezhebe bağlanmak, fetvayı kontrol etmekte ve karışıklığı önlemektedir. İkinci bakış açısına göre ise taklidin bu mezheplerle sınırlandırılmasının İslam fıkhının durgunlaşmasına ve çağa ayak uyduramamasına neden olmaktadır. Araştırmada, bu iki bakış açısı ele incelenmiş, konu işlenirken karşılaştırma ve analiz yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Sonrasında günümüzde bu görüşlerin vakıadaki yansımaları açıklanmıştır. Araştırmada fıkıh tarihi üzerine yazılmış kitapların yanı sıra genel olarak fıkıh usûlü eserlerinden, özelde ise bunların ictihad ve taklit bölümlerindeki malumattan yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada ulaşılmış olan birçok sonuçtan öne çıkanları şunlardır: Amel etme ve fetva vermede dört mezhebe bağlılık gerekmektedir. Bir zaruret ve ihtiyaç dışında onlardan ayrılmaması gerekmektedir. Yine bu mezhepler, ehl-i sünnet ve’l-cemaatin fıkhî kimliğini temsil etmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu mezheplerin küçümsenmemesi gerekmekte ve bunlar çağın ihtiyaçlarının çoğunu karşılamaya yeterlidirler. Bu açıdan onlara bağlanmanın donukluk olarak nitelendirilmesi doğru değildir. Ayrıca dört mezhep otoritesinden kurtulmaya yönelik talep birçok mefsedete sebebiyet vermiştir. Fetvalarda disiplinsizlik ve şaz görüşlerle insanlara fetva vermek bu mefsedetlerin en önemlilerindendir. Araştırma, dört mezhepten bağımsız bir şekilde bazı modern fetva ve kanunlara dair uygulamalı örnekler ile uyulması gereken kuralları tespite de önem vermiştir.
It is known that it is either a wicked or a wicked. It is sufficient for the judgment of the judgment to get out of the proof. It is his duty. He is not able to make the judgment out of his proof; therefore he must imitate the judgments. by Hicri IV. Since the century, the tradition of imitating four imams among Muslims has spread. They were also made up of the righteous, the righteous, the righteous, the righteous. If necessary, there will be a number of people who are followed. This imitating phenomenon gave birth to two opposite perspectives. One of them sees this fact as something to be praised. For the connection to the four religions controls the fetus and prevents confusion. According to the second point of view, the limitation of the imitation to these religions leads to the stagnation of the Islamic philosophy and the failure to follow the age. In the study, these two perspectives have been discussed, comparison and analysis methods have been applied when the subject is processed. Today, these opinions are reflected in the case. In the study, the books written on the history of the fiction, as well as the works of the fiction in general, and in particular the material in their ictihad and imitation sections, were used. Many of the findings that have been achieved in the study are: Operating and giving fetva requires commitment to four religions. It is not necessary to go away from them except for a need and need. And these are the ones who are the ones who are the ones who are the ones who are the ones who are the ones who are the ones who are the ones who are the ones who are the ones who are the ones. Therefore, these disciples should not be underestimated, and they are enough to meet most of the needs of the age. It is not true that they should be called an unreliance. In addition, the demand to get rid of the four religious authorities has caused a lot of confusion. It is the most important thing to do with discipline and shadows in the fetuses. The research also emphasized the identification of the rules that should be followed with the practical examples of some modern fetus and laws, independently of the four religions.
It is well known in the usûl al-fiqh (fundamental principles of Islamic law) that the Mukallaf (accountable person) is either a Mujtahid or a Muqallid. Mujtahid is a title given to the Islamic jurist who has the ability to arrive at rulings; thus, he is required to practice Ijtihad. While Muqallid is the person who has no ability to conduct such activities; thus, he is required to follow the Mujtahids. Taqlid (conformity of one person to the ijtihad of another) of the four Imams has been common among Muslims since the fourth century of the hijri, their madhhabs including its origins and branches have been well established, and many scholars and laypersons have followed them since that era till the time being. The second considers that restricting imitation (Taqlid) to these schools of thought has caused the stagnation of Islamic jurisprudence and its inability to keep pace with the times. The research dealt with these two points of view and followed the method of comparison and analysis. The two points of view on the issue were presented and discussed, and then the implications in contemporary reality were explained. The research used books written in the science of jurisprudence in general and in the section of Juristic Interpretation and Imitation in particular, in addition to books written in the history of jurisprudence. The research reached several results, most notably are as follow: 1) the need to adhere to the four schools of thought (Madhhabs) in all actions and fatwas and not to depart from them except for necessity and need, 2) these Madhhabs represent the jurisprudential identity of the Sunnis group, it should not be underestimated, and that it is sufficient to meet most of the needs of the age. It is not correct to describe the commitment to it as inertia. The call for liberation from the jurisdiction of the four schools of thought resulted in corruption, the most important of which is the lack of discipline in fatwas and providing fatwas with abnormal sayings.
Makale Detay 
Benzer Makaleler
PDF Görüntüle
Dergi Bilgisi
Eseri Dinleyin
Alıntı Yap
Bu Sayfayı Yazdırın
Paylaş
Mendeley
