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15 Mayıs 1919’da İzmir’i işgal eden Yunanistan uyguladığı politikalarla bu bölgede kontrolünü artırmaya çalışmıştır. Sevr Antlaşması’yla beraber İzmir’i artık Yunanistan’ın bir parçası olarak kabul eden Yunan yetkililer İzmir’de özellikle ekonomik alanda radikal kararlar almaya başlamışlardır. Bu durum İzmir’de ticari faaliyetleri olan ABD’yi rahatsız etmiş ve iki ülkeyi karşı karşıya getirmiştir. Bu çalışma Sevr Antlaşması’nın ardından Yunanistan’ın uyguladığı vergi politikalarına ABD tarafından gösterilen tepkileri arşiv belgeleri ışığında incelemektedir. Sevr Antlaşması’nın ardından Yunanistan’ın ilk yaptığı girişimlerden birisi İzmir’de kapitülasyonları kaldırmaya yönelik olmuştur. Ancak bu durum ABD tarafından kabul görmemiştir. ABD daha önceden kapitülasyonlar üzerinden belirlenen vergiler dışında hiçbir vergi ödemek istememiştir. Ancak Yunanistan başka isimler adı altında yeni vergiler getirmiştir. Özellikle Amerikan şirketi Standard Oil’in yeni vergi ödemeyi kabul etmemesi üzerine bu şirketin faaliyetleri Yunan yönetimi tarafından askıya alınmıştır. Bu durum iki ülke ilişkilerini germiş ve ABD Dışişleri Bakanı devreye girmiştir. Bunun dışında Yunan yönetimi İstanbul’da ithalat vergileri önceden ödenmiş mallar için İzmir’de yeniden ayrı bir vergi almaya başlamıştır. Bu durum da ABD’nin tepkisini çekmiştir. ABD’nin İzmir Konsolosu, sorunun çözümü için çeşitli görüşmeler gerçekleştirmiştir. Ancak ABD açısından istenilen sonuç elde edilememiştir. İzmir’in Yunan işgali altında bulunduğu süre boyunca vergi konusu iki ülke arasında sorun teşkil etmeye devam etmiştir.
On May 15, 1919, Greece, which occupied Izmir, tried to increase its control over the region with its policies. With the Sevr Treaty, Greek officials who now recognize Izmir as a part of Greece have begun to make radical decisions in Izmir, especially in the economic field. This situation has troubled the U.S., which has trade activities in Izmir, and has faced two countries. This study examines the reactions shown by the U.S. to the tax policies implemented by Greece after the Sevr Treaty in the light of archive documents. One of the first attempts made by Greece after the Sevr Treaty was to eliminate the capitulations in Izmir. But this is not accepted by the United States. The U.S. did not want to pay any taxes except the taxes that were previously determined by the capitulations. However, Greece has brought new taxes under other names. In particular, the company’s activities have been suspended by the Greek government because the American company Standard Oil has failed to pay the new tax. The situation broke the relations between the two countries and the U.S. Secretary of State has entered into action. In addition, the Greek government in Istanbul has begun to regain a separate tax on goods paid in advance. This has caused the reaction of the US. The U.S. Izmir Console has conducted several talks to solve the problem. However, the desired result has not been achieved. During the time that Izmir was under Greek occupation, the tax issue continued to be a problem between the two countries.
Greece invaded İzmir on May 15, 1919 and tried to increase its control in this region with its policies. Following the Treaty of Sevres, the Greek authorities started to consider İzmir as part of Greece and make radical decisions in İzmir, especially in the economic sphere. This situation disturbed the US, which had commercial activities in İzmir, and negatively affected the relations of the two countries. This study examines the response of the US to the tax policies imposed by Greece following the Treaty of Sevres in the light of the archival documents. Following the Treaty of Sevres, one of Greece’s first initiatives was to remove capitulations in İzmir. However, this was not accepted by the United States. The US did not want to pay any taxes other than the taxes previously determined through capitulations. However, Greece introduced new taxes under other names. Especially when the American company Standard Oil refused to pay the new tax the company’s activities were suspended by the Greek administration. This situation tensed the relations between the two countries and the US Secretary of State stepped in to solve the problem. Apart from that, the Greek administration started to receive a separate tax in İzmir for the pre-paid goods in İstanbul. The US reacted to this situation. The US Consul General at İzmir held several meetings for the solution of the problem. However, the desired result was not obtained for the US. During the Greek occupation of İzmir, the tax issue continued to be a problem between the two countries.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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