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Bireylerin çeşitli fonksiyonel davranışlarını mekânsal olarak karşılayan şehirlerin, arazi değerleri yüksektir. Arazinin verimli kullanımına katkı sağlayan çok katlı yapılar, bina izdüşümünün azaltılarak daha fazla yeşil alan kazanılabilmesine imkan sağlamaktadır. Günümüzde oldukça yaygınlaşan karma yapı kullanımları, çok katlı yapılar sayesinde daha avantajlı hale gelebilmektedir. Çok katlı yapıların prestij unsuru olarak görülmesi ile konut ve ticari alan ortak kullanımı adeta altın çağını yaşamaktadır. Bu durumun gelişmesinde destekleyici unsur olan fonksiyonel ihtiyaçlar, aslında yapım yöntemlerindeki gelişmeler sayesinde gerçekleşebilmiştir. Yüksek yapıların inşa edilebilmesinde, betonun işlevselliğinin ve mukavemetinin arttırılması, kalıp sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi ve diğer teknolojik gelişmeler önemli rol oynamaktadır. Çok katlı yapılar, taşıyıcı sistemler ve döşeme sistemleri ile diğer yapılardan ayrılmaktadır. Bu noktada, çerçeve sistemler, çekirdek sistemler, kirişsiz döşemeli sistemler, perde duvarlı sistemler, kafes duvarlı çerçeve ve perde duvarlı çerçeve sistemler, mega kolon ve mega çekirdek sistemler, yatay perdeli çerçeve sistemler, tüp sistemler ve karma sistemler çok katlı yapılarda kullanılan taşıyıcı sistemler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu sistemler, kirişli, kirişsiz, nervürlü, kaset, ön germeli veya ard germeli döşeme sistemleri ile entegre edilerek yapılarda ihtiyaç duyulan alanların sağlıklı bir biçimde oluşturulabilmesine imkan sağlamaktadır. İstanbul’da yer alan yirmi beş adet çok katlı yapı seçilerek, bu yapıların taşıyıcı sistemleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Taşıyıcı sistemleri ve betonarme döşeme sistemleri incelenen bu örnekler, gelecekte yapılması planlanan çok katlı yapılar için bir kaynak oluşturabilecektir. Buna göre, İstanbul’da araştırma için belirlenmiş olan yirmi beş adet çok katlı yapının birçoğunda taşıyıcı sistem olarak çekirdek ve çerçeve tüp / kolon sistemlerin kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Söz konusu yapıların döşeme sistemleri incelendiğinde ise kaset ve iki doğrultuda çalışan kirişli döşeme sistemlerinin ağırlıkla kullanıldığı görülmüştür.
Cities that accommodate the various functional behaviors of individuals spatially, land values are high. Multi-storey structures that contribute to the efficient use of the land allow more green spaces to be gained by reducing the buildings’ distribution. Today, the very widespread use of karma structures can become more advantageous thanks to multi-storey structures. With the view of multi-storey structures as a prestigious element, the joint use of housing and commercial areas lives in the golden age. Functional needs, which are a supporting element in the development of this situation, have actually been achieved thanks to developments in the manufacturing methods. In the construction of high structures, the improvement of the functionality and strength of concrete, the development of modeling systems and other technological developments play an important role. Multi-storey structures, transportation systems and flooring systems are separated from other structures. At this point, frame systems, core systems, wireless placement systems, ward wall systems, roof wall frame and ward wall frame systems, mega columns and mega core systems, horizontal ward frame systems, tube systems and karma systems come to us as the carrier systems used in multi-storey structures. These systems are integrated with curved, non-curved, nervous, caset, front-release or back-release placement systems, enabling the necessary areas in structures to be created in a healthy way. Twenty-five multi-storey structures located in Istanbul have been selected and the transportation systems of these structures have been compared. These examples of transportation systems and concrete placement systems, which are studied, will be able to create a resource for multi-storey structures planned to be built in the future. According to this, it has been found that many of the twenty-five multi-storey structures that have been identified for research in Istanbul have been used as a carrier system by core and frame tube/colon systems. When the placement systems of these structures were studied, it was seen that the placement systems that worked in two directions and the placement systems that worked in two directions were used with weight.
The cities, which meet various functional behaviors of individuals spatially, have high land values. Multi-storey buildings that contribute to the efficient use of the land allow for more green space by reducing building footprint. Today, the use of mixed structures, which are quite common, can become more advantageous thanks to the multi-storey structures. The common use of residential and commercial spaces is almost living its golden age after The multi-storey buildings are seen as prestige element. Functional needs, which support the development of this situation, have in fact been realized thanks to improvements in construction methods. Increasing the functionality and strength of concrete, development of formwork systems and other technological developments play an important role in the construction of high structures. Multi-storey buildings are separated from other structures by their load bearing structural systems and flooring systems. At this point, frame systems, core systems, beamless flooring systems, curtain wall systems, lattice wall frame and curtain wall frame systems, mega column and mega core systems, horizontal curtain frame systems, tube systems and mixed systems are seen as load bearing structural systems used in multi-storey structures. These systems can be integrated with beamed, beamless, ribbed, cassette, pre-tensioned or post-tensioned flooring systems, enabling the areas required in the structures to be formed in a healthy way. Twenty-five multi-storey buildings in Istanbul were selected and their structural systems compared. These samples whose structural systems and reinforced concrete flooring systems will be examined will be a source for multi-storey buildings in the future. Accordingly, core and frame tube / column systems were used in most of the twenty-five multi-storey buildings identified for research in Istanbul. When the flooring systems of these structures are examined, it is seen that beamed flooring systems which are working in two directions and casette flooring systems are used predominantly.
Field : Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik; Mühendislik
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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