Özet:

Fungi, together with bacteria, are important decomposers that ensure the cyclical operation of the ecosystem and the circulation of nutrients. Soil and above-substrate tissues of edible mushrooms are rich in nutrients and are used by humans for various purposes. In particular, it is relatively easy to cultivate and grown fungi that grow on the substrate as rotting. Most fungi are saprophytic creatures. They feed by breaking down plant residues (tree trunk, branch pieces, leaves, pine needles, herbs, fruits, cones, etc.) that they use as food sources. They can absorb and accumulate macro and micro elements in the substrates on which they live. One of the aims of this study is to determine how the accumulated minerals will affect human health. The specimens (Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél., Lentinus arcularius (Batsch) Zmitr., Lentinus tigrinus (Boğa) Fr., Schizophyllum commune Fr., Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd, Tremella mesenterica (Schaeff.) Pers.) that are the subject of our study are the specimens belonging to the Basidiomycota, which produces white rot, collected from their natural habitats. Heavy metal (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) ion contents of these mushroom samples were determined using ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) spectrometry. Another aim of this study is to look for the answer of the question “which mushrooms can be used especially as environmental cleaners in order to perform one of the important tasks of fungi in nature?”. Thanks to the data obtained from this study, mycoremediation methods can be developed. Fungi can be used as an inexpensive, effective and environmentally sound method to decompose a wide variety of pollutants from contaminated environments or wastewaters. As a result, minimum and maximum heavy metal ion concentrations were determined for the mushroom samples used. Arsenic(As) was not determined at all in the samples examined. Nickel(Ni) and Lead(Pb) were observed in trace amounts in some samples. Selenium(Se) and Cobalt(Co) were determined at very low levels in all samples. Magnesium (772.1-2739 mg/kg), Iron (49.91-1583 mg/kg) and Aluminum (8.009-1298 mg/kg) minerals are the heavy metal ions detected at the highest rates in all samples used in the research.

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