Özet:

The world pace of livestock development is one of the highest in the world, leading to a deterioration of the ecological state as a whole. It is known that livestock breeding emits up to 9% of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Therefore, the environmental costs of livestock production should be reduced at least several times. Following the European Commission Decree No. 2017/302, which stipulates the development of the best available technologies for harvesting of forages and growing of animals, we have investigated the efficiency of using full-range fodders of different degree of grinding in the growing of heifers after the dairy period.The influence of feed of different physical structure on the growth and development of heifers was determined. Experimental studies have confirmed that the provision of moderate-intensive growth of heifers for repair is achieved by feeding full-range fodder mix with the following particle ratio of feed in the daily dosage (%): 0-1 cm - 37.6; 1-2 cm - 30.7; 2-3 cm - 14.3; 3-4 cm - 11.4; 4-5 cm - 4.5; >5 cm - 1.5%. At the same time, feed intake is increased by 5% compared to the age group of the control group, the time spent on the cucumber is reduced by 4.3%, which makes it possible for the group III heirs to stay ahead of the elders of other groups in live weight at 16 months by 12-20 kg (P ≥ 0.95). It is shown that optimization of the granulometric composition of full-fodder feed improves the timing of the arrival of heifers in hunting and their productive use. Thus, there is reason to assert that the use of full-fodder fodders of a specific granulometric composition is a profitable technological method for preparing forage and feeding heifers, since it enables to increase the consumption, productive effect of feed and obtain a live weight of 371-382 kg at the age of 425-430 days and accelerate the onset of economic maturity of animals for 20-25 days. Keywords: Technological preparation; degree of shredding; granulometric composition; heifer; fuel and lubricants References: Bell, M. J., Wall, E., Russell, G., Simm, G., & Stott, A. W. (2011). The effect of improving cow productivity, fertility, and longevity on the global warming potential of dairy systems. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(7), 3662-3678. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-4023 Berry, D. P., Friggens, N. C., Lucy, M., & Roche, J. R. (2016). Milk production and fertility in cattle. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, 4, 269-290. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111406 Borodulin, D. M. (2008). Influence of fluid and particle size distribution on the process of mixing of combined feed in a continuous mixer. Storage and processing of agricultural raw materials, 11, 36-37. (In Russian). Boyko, A. I., & Novytsky, A. V. (2010). Modern problems of ensuring the reliability of feed preparation machines. Bulletin of Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture named after Petro Vasylenko, 80, 13-16. (In Ukrainian). Cheeke, P. R. (1999). Applied Animal Nutrition: Feeds and Feeding. 2nd Edn., Prentice-Hall, New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9780137793310. Gnoevoy, V. I., Trishin, A. K., & Gnoevoy, I. V. (2017). Biomorphological organization and nutrition of fodders. Kharkiv: FLP Brovin A.V. (in Ukrainian). Gonzàlez, L. A., Tolkamp, B. J., Coffey, M. P., Ferret, A., & Kyriazakis, I. (2008). Changes in feeding behavior as possible indicators for the automatic monitoring of health disorders in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 1017-1028. doi:10.3168/jds.2007-0530 Greter, A. M., Prinsen, M., Duffield, T. F., McBride, B. W., Widowski, T. M., & Devries, T. J. (2013). Growing dairy heifers prefer supplementary long straw when fed a nutrient-dense ration in a limited amount. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(6), 3950-3958. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6625 Gusarov, I. V., Fomenko, P. A., & Bogatyreva, E. V. (2018). Studying the theory and practice of feeding cattle in the European North of Russia. Scientific school of A. S. Emelyanov. Agricultural and Livestock Technology, 2(2). doi: 10.15838/alt.2018.2.2.6 Halachmi, I., Edan, Y., Moallem, U., & Maltz, E. (2004). Predicting feed intake of the individual dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science, 87, 2254-2267. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70046-6 Lams, P. T., & Wisitiporn, S. (2015). Milk Production and Income over Feed Costs in Dairy Cows Fed Medium-roasted Soybean Meal and Corn Dried Distiller’s Grains with Solubles. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (AJAS), 28(4), 519-529. doi: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0685 Meseret, G. (2016). Ration Formulation and Compound Feed Preparation: A Review. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 15, 386-396. doi: 10.3923/pjn.2016.386.396 Miller-Cushon, E. K., & DeVries, T. J. (2017). Feed sorting in dairy cattle: Causes, consequences, and management. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(5), 4172-4183. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11983 Neja, W., Piwczynski, D., Krezel-Czopek, S., Sawa, A., & Ozkaya, S. (2017). The use of data mining techniques for analysing factors affecting cow reactivity during milking. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 18(2), 342-357. doi: 10.5513/JCEA01/18.2.1907 Nikkhali, A., Amiri, F., & Amanloo, H. (2012). Ground Wheat Grain for Midlactation Cows: Challenging a Common Wisdom. Scientific World Journal, 247941. doi: 10.1100/2012/247941 Osipenko, T. L., Admina, N. G., Palii, ?. P., Chechui, H. F., & Mihalchenko, S. A. (2018). Influence of the level feeding high-productive cows on obtaining biosafety products. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(4), 189-194. Pahl, C., Hartung, E., Mahlkow-Nerge, K., & Haeussermann, A. (2015). Feeding characteristics and rumination time of dairy cows around estrus. Journal of Dairy Science, 98, 148-154. doi:10.3168/jds.2014-8025 Palii, A. P., & Palii, A. P. (2019). Technical and technological innovations in dairy cattle. Monograph. Kharkiv: Mis'kdruk. ISBN 978-617-619-207-7 (In Ukrainian). Paliy, A. P. (2017). Innovations in the establishment physiology technologies milking high-productive cows. Scientific Messenger LNUVMBT named after S. Z. Gzhytskyj, 19(74), 12-14. doi: 10.15421/nvlvet7403 Paliy, A. P. (2016). Innovative foundations for the production of high-quality milk. Monograph. Kharkiv: Mis'kdruk. ISBN 978-617-619-188-9 (In Ukrainian). Paliy, A. P., Nanka, O. V., Lutcenko, M. M., Naumenko, O. A., & Paliy, A. P. (2018). Influence of dust content in milking rooms on operation modes of milking machine pulsators. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(3), 66-70. Paliy, A. P., Paliy, A. P., & Naumenko, O. A. (2015). Innovative technologies and technical systems in dairy cattle. Kharkiv: Mis'kdruk. ISBN 978-617-619-168-1(In Ukrainian). Palkin, G. (2004). Modern mobile dispensers-mixers for feeding livestock with feed mixtures. Proposal, 4, 88-91. (In Ukrainian). Pechura, I. G. (2006). Features of the use of feed dispensers. Agricultural machinery. Service and Repair, 2, 42-44. (In Ukrainian). Podobed, L. I., Ivanov, V. K., & Kurnaev, A. N. (2007). Questions of keeping, feeding and milking cows in conditions of intensive technology of milk production. Odessa: Printing House. (In Ukrainian). Schingoethe, D. J. (2017). A 100-Year Review: Total mixed ration feeding of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(12), 10143-10150. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-12967 Tolkamp, B. J., Schweitzer, D. P. N., & Kyriazakis. I. (2000). The biologically relevant unit for the analysis of short-term feeding behavior of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 83, 2057-2068. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75087-9 Wathes, C. M., Kristensen, H. H., Aerts, J-M., & Berckmans, D. (2008). Is precision livestock farming an engineer’s daydream or nightmare, an animal’s friend or foe, and a farmer’s panacea or pitfall? Comput Electron Agric, 64, 2-10. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2008.05.005 Zaitsev, V. V., Konstantinov, V. A., & Kornilova, V. A. (2015). Efficiency of use of ekstrud?r concentrated mix feeds in feeding of cows. International Research Journal, 10(41), 3, 28-31. doi: 10.18454/IRJ.2015.41.097  

Anahtar Kelimeler: