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42
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5
Amaç: Çalışmanın temel amacı, hanehalklarının ekonomik ve demografik özelliklerini de dikkate alarak hanehalklarının toplam tüketim harcamalarının ve harcama grubu denklemlerinin genel talep parametreleri ile gelir esnekliklerini hesaplamaktır. Ayrıca %20’lik gelir grupları ayrımı itibariyle hanehalklarının sosyoekonomik özellikleri ile harcama tutar ve dağılımlarını göstermektir. Tasarım/metodoloji/yaklaşım: Bu çalışmanın ana materyalini 2015, 2016, 2017 yıllarına ait Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Başkanlığı’ndan sağlanmış olan Hanehalkı Bütçe Araştırması mikro veri setleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veriler hanehalklarının yıllık kullanılabilir gelir düzeylerine göre küçükten büyüğe doğru sıralanarak beş eşit %20’lik gelir gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Hanehalklarının sosyoekonomik özellikleri ile harcama tutar ve payları bu gelir grupları ayrımı itibariyle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada genel veri seti kapsamında toplam tüketim harcama modeli Çift Logaritmik Fonksiyon yöntemi ve harcama grubu modelleri ise Working-Leser Modeli yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada sıfır harcamalı gözlemlerden dolayı yanlı ve tutarsız tahminlere neden olmamak için Heckman İki Aşamalı Talep Modeli kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada tüm yıllarda tüm harcama grupları pozitif işaretli ve normal harcama olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm yıllarda “Ulaştırma”, “Kültür ve Eğlence” (2017 yılı hariç) ve “Eğitim” harcama grupları lüks veya birim esnek harcama olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca tüm yıllarda en düşük gelir esneklikleri “Konut ve Kira, Su, Elektrik, Gaz ve Diğer Yakıtlar”, “Alkollü İçecekler, Sigara, Tütün Mamulleri”, “Gıda ve Alkolsüz İçecekler”; en yüksek gelir esneklikleri ise “Eğitim” ve “Ulaştırma” harcama grupları için hesaplanmıştır. Özgünlük/değer: Tüketim harcamaları ile ilgili çalışmalar ekonomideki karar birimlerini yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları konuya ilgi duyan şahıs ve kurumlar için yararlı olabilir.
The main objective of the study is to calculate the income flexibility with the general demand parameters of the households’ total consumption spending and the spending group equations, taking into account the economic and demographic characteristics of their households. In addition, the 20% income groups, according to the distinction, account for their households’ socio-economic characteristics and show their distribution. Design/methodology/approximation: The main material of this study is provided by the President of the Turkish Statistical Agency for the years 2015, 2016, 2017 and is made up of micro-data sets. In the study, the data was divided into five equal 20% income groups, ranging from small to large according to households’ annual available income levels. The households hold spending with the socio-economic characteristics and their shares have been analyzed according to the differences between these income groups. In the study, the total consumption expenditure model is analyzed by the Working-Leser model and the double logarithmic function method and the expenditure group models are analyzed by the Working-Leser model. Heckman’s two-stage demand model has also been used in the study to prevent side-and-coherent predictions due to zero-consumed observations. Results: In the study, all expenditure groups throughout the year were found as positive and normal expenditure. Over all years, the "Transport", "Culture and Entertainment" (except in 2017) and "Education" spending groups have been found as luxury or unit flexible spending. In addition, the lowest income flexibilities throughout the years are calculated for the "Housing and Rental, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuel", "Alcoholic Drinks, Smoking, Tobacco Mammals", "Food and Non-Alcoholic Drinks"; while the highest income flexibilities are calculated for the "Education" and "Transport" spending groups. Originality/Value: Studies on consumption spending are closely related to the decision-making units in the economy. The findings of this study may be useful for the person and institutions interested in the subject.
Purpose: The main purpose of the study is to calculate the general demand parameters and income elasticity of the households’ total consumption expenditures and expenditure group equation, considering the economic and demographic characteristics of the households. In addition, it is to show the socio-economic characteristics of the households, the amount and distribution of expenditures by income groups of 20%. Design/Methodology/Approach: The main material of this study is the household budget research micro data sets provided by the Turkish Statistical Institute for the years 2015-2016-2017. In the study, the data were sorted according to the annual disposable income of the households from small to large and divided into five equal 20% income groups. The socioeconomic characteristics of the households, the amount and share of expenditures are analysed in terms of these income groups. In the study, within the scope of the general data set, the total consumption expenditure model was analysed by the Double Logarithmic Function method and the expenditure group models were analysed by the Working-Leser Model method. In addition, the Heckman Two-Stage Demand Model was used in the study to avoid biased and inconsistent estimates due to zero-expenditure observations. Findings: In the study, all expenditure groups in all years were found to be positive sign and normal expenditure. In all years, “Transportation”, “Culture and Entertainment” (except 2017) and “Education” spending groups were found to be luxury or unit flexible spending. In addition, the lowest income elasticities in all years are “Housing and Rent, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels”, “Alcoholic Beverages, Cigarettes, Tobacco Products”, “Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages”; the highest income elasticities were calculated for the “Education” and “Transportation” expenditure groups. Originality/Value: Studies on consumption expenditures are closely related to decision units in the economy. The findings of the study may be useful for individuals and institutions interested in the subject.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Ziraat, Orman ve Su Ürünleri
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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