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Salgın hastalıklar, tarih boyunca insanlığın en çok etkilendiği felaketlerden biri olmuştur. Tarihin çeşitli dönemlerinde, dünyanın pek çok yerinde ortaya çıkmışolan bu hastalıklar, binlerce insanın ölmesine sebebiyet vermiştir. Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Osmanlı Devleti’nde de salgın hastalıkların yıkıcı etkisine maruz kalınmıştır. Nitekim bu hastalıklardan biri tanesi de koleradır. Osmanlıtopraklarında ilk kez 1822’de görülen kolera salgını ticari münasebetler, göçler, savaşlar ve hac yoluyla yayılma imkânı bulmuştur. Dolayısıyla XIX. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinden itibaren küresel bir tehdit halini alan kolera, Osmanlı gündelik hayatınıuzun süre olumsuz yönde etkileyen hastalıklardan biri olmuştur. Anadolu’nun birçok yöresinde ortaya çıkan kolera hastalığı, farklı dönemlerde İzmir ve çevresinde de etkili olmuştur. Nitekim 1893 yılı ortalarında İzmir’de etkili olan hastalık, özellikle Ağustos ayı itibariyle salgın halini alıp ciddi boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Aynı yılın Kasım ayına kadar salgına maruz kalanlardan önemli bir kısmı hayatını kaybetmiştir. Osmanlı Hükümeti, hastalığın yayılmasını engellemek için öncelikle birtakım karantina önlemleri almıştır. Daha sonra uzman doktorlar getirtilmiş ve gündelik hayatla ilgili birtakım tedbirler alınmıştır. Fakat İzmir’de zuhur eden hastalık, alınan her türlü tedbire rağmen çevre şehir ve kasabalardan bazılarına da sirayet etmiş ve birkaçında ciddi tahribat yapmıştır. Kısacasıİzmir ve çevresinde önemli sosyo-ekonomik etkileri olmuştur. Neticede bu çalışmada, 1893 yılında İzmir ve çevresinde etkili olan koleranın gelişimi ve etkileri, devletin aldığı tedbirler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunu yaparken de, Osmanlı arşiv vesikaları esas alınmakla birlikte, İzmir ve İstanbul basınında salgına dair çıkan haberlere de yer verilmiştir.
Infectious diseases have been one of the disasters that has been greatly affected by mankind throughout history. During the various periods of history, these diseases that occurred in many parts of the world have caused thousands of deaths. As in the entire world, the Ottoman state has also been exposed to the devastating effects of epidemic diseases. One of these diseases is cholera. The epidemic of cholera, first seen in the Ottoman territories in 1822, found the possibility of spreading through commercial relationships, migrations, wars and hacks. Thus the XIX. Cholera, which has become a global threat since the first quarter of the century, has become one of the diseases that negatively affect your daily life during the Ottoman period. The cholera disease that occurs in many parts of Anadolu has been effective in different periods in İzmir and its surroundings. In fact, the disease, which was effective in the middle of 1893 in İzmir, especially in August, became epidemic and reached severe dimensions. Many of those who suffered the epidemic until November of the same year lost their lives. The Ottoman government has first taken a number of quarantine measures to prevent the spread of the disease. Then specialists were brought and a number of measures were taken in relation to daily life. But the illness in Izmir, despite all kinds of care taken, caused some of the surrounding towns and towns, and in some serious damage. It has had a significant socio-economic impact in the region and around it. Finally, in this study, in 1893 the development and effects of cholera that was influenced in İzmir and its surroundings, the measures taken by the state were attempted to reveal. While doing this, the Ottoman archives were based on the news, the news of the epidemic in Izmir and Istanbul press was also included.
Epidemics have been one of the disasters that humanity has been most affected throughout history. These diseases, which have emerged in various parts of the history in many parts of the world, have caused thousands of people to die. As in the rest of the world, the Ottoman Empire was exposed to the devastating effects of epidemics.As a matter of fact, one of these diseases is cholera. It was first seen in the Ottoman lands in 1822 and spread through trade relations, migrations, wars and pilgrimage.Therefore, XIX. Cholera, which has become a global threat since the first quarter of the 18th century, has been one of the diseases that negatively affected the daily life of the Ottomans for a long time. Cholera disease, which occurs in many parts of Anatolia, has been effective in Izmir and its environs at different periods.As a matter of fact, the disease, which was effective in Izmir in the middle of 1893, became an epidemic especially in August and reached serious proportions.A significant number of those who were exposed to the epidemic until November of the same year died.In order to prevent the spread of the disease, the Ottoman Government first took a number of quarantine measures. Then, specialist doctors were brought and some precautions were taken about daily life.However, the disease that has appeared in Izmir has spread to some of the surrounding cities and towns, despite all the precautions taken, and has caused serious destruction in a few. In short, it has had significant socio-economic effects in and around Izmir.As a result, in this study, the development and effects of cholera which were effective in İzmir and its environs in 1893 and the measures taken by the state were tried to be put forward. While doing this, the Ottoman archive documents were taken as the basis, and the news about the epidemic in the press of Izmir and Istanbul were also included.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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