Abstract:

The focus of this article is to evaluate the economic theories developed throughout the history of economic thought from a macroeconomic perspective, the role of the thinkers who shaped them in ensuring social welfare and peace, and the economic developments in this process with a comparative analysis. In this respect, the emergence of schools of economic thought and the approach of theorists have been evaluated. Thus, it aims to contribute to the work of scientists and researchers in finding solutions to the economic problems encountered in the globalizing world and in the shadow of the COVID 19 pandemic. In this respect, how and under which conditions the schools of theoretical thought emerged as a result of forcing it has been revealed more clearly in this study. In this context, the concepts of "classical economy", "national economy" and "global economy" and the starting points of the economists who developed and classified these approaches were examined with a comparative analysis. Classical economics is the beginning of the theoretical treatment of the nation and the interaction of different nations through economic interaction. Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations" is generally understood as the scientific discussion of the origins of economic theory and the understanding of economic action. After Adam Smith, social scientists such as Ricardo, Marx and Keynes made important contributions to this field.

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