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Bu çalışmanın ana amacı üniversite kampüslerinde oluşan ambalaj atıklarının yaşam döngüsü analizi ile çevresel etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. 2017 yılında Sakarya Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesinde toplanan ambalaj atıkları çalışmanın fonksiyonel birimi olarak seçilmiş olup, bu kapsamda öncelikle mühendislik fakültesinde oluşan ambalaj atığı çeşitleri ve miktarları belirlenmiştir. Yaşam döngüsü analizi için Simapro 8.4 programı ve CML-IA etki kategorisi kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntemin etki grupları abiyotik tükenme, abiyotik tükenme (fosil yakıtlar), küresel ısınma, ozon tabakası tahribatı, insan toksisitesi, tatlı su ekotoksisitesi, deniz ekotoksisitesi, karasal ekotoksisite, fotokimyasal oksidasyon, asidifikasyon ve ötrofikasyondur. Sistem sınırları karışık ambalaj atıklarının toplanması, taşınması, atık ayırma ve geri dönüşüm tesisinde ayrılması, kâğıt-kartonun preslenip, metal ve camın preslenmeden geri dönüşüm firmalarına satılması, plastik atıkların kırılıp, granül haline getirildikten sonra plastik üreticilerine satılması, geri kalan artıkların ve geri dönüştürülemeyen malzemelerin yakma tesisinde bertarafını içermektedir. Bu çalışmada ambalaj atığı yönetimi için 2 alternatif senaryo uygulanmış olup, ilk senaryoda ambalaj atıkları geri dönüştürülürken, 2. senaryoda düzenli depolamaya bertaraf için gönderilmiştir. Sonuçlara baktığımızda, ambalaj atıklarının geri dönüşümü çevresel etkileri azaltırken, depolanması deniz ekotoksisitesi, insan toksisitesi, tatlı su ekotoksisitesi ve fosil yakıtların abiyotik tüketiminde olumsuz etkiler göstermiştir.
The main objective of this study is to determine the environmental impacts of packaging waste formed in the university campus through life cycle analysis. In 2017, the packaging waste collected at Sakarya University Faculty of Engineering was selected as the functional unit of the study, and in this scope the types and quantities of packaging waste formed primarily in the Faculty of Engineering were determined. For life cycle analysis, the Simapro 8.4 program and the CML-IA effect category were used. The effects of this method include abiotic extinction, abiotic extinction (phosile fuels), global warming, ozon layer destruction, human toxicity, freshwater eco-toxicity, marine eco-toxicity, ground eco-toxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification and hydrophication. The system limits include the collection, transportation, separation and recycling of mixed packaging waste in the facility, the printing of paper-carton, the sale of metal and glass without printing to the recycling companies, the breakdown of plastic waste, the sale of it to the plastic producers after it is made to granules, the disposal of the remaining waste and the disposal of unrecycled materials in the combustion facility. In this study, 2 alternative scenarios were applied for packaging waste management, and in the first scenario packaging waste was recycled, while in the second scenario it was sent to regular storage for removal. When we look at the results, the recycling of packaging waste reduces the environmental effects, while its storage has shown negative effects on the abiotic consumption of marine ecotoxicity, human toxicity, fresh water ecotoxicity and fossil fuels.
The aim of this study is to determine the environmental impacts of packaging wastes in universities by life cycle analysis. The functional unit of the study was selected as the packaging wastes collected in the Engineering Faculty of Sakarya University in 2017. In this context, the packaging waste types and amounts which were formed in the engineering faculty were determined. SimaPro 8.4 software program and CML-IA effect category were used for life cycle analysis. The effect groups of the method are abiotic depletion, abiotic depletion (fossil fuels), global warming, ozone depletion, human toxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification and eutrophication. System boundaries include collection of mixed packaging waste, transportation, separation of the mixed packaging in the sorting and recycling plant, selling pressed papers, cardboards, unpressed metals and glasses to the relevant companies, recycling of plastics into granulated form and its sale to plastic producers, and disposal of residual waste or non-recyclable materials by incineration. In the study, 2 alternative scenarios were modeled for packaging waste management. One of them is recycling and the other is landfilling of the packaging waste collected in the engineering faculty. Finally, the results indicated that recycling of packaging materials reduce the negative environmental impacts and landfilling of packaging waste indicates higher negative impacts on the marine aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity and abiotic depletion (fossil fuels).
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