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Ekosistem yaklaşımı, doğanın korunmasını ve sürdürülebilir kullanımını teşvik etmekte, doğal kaynakların ve kültürel çeşitliliğe sahip insanların ekosistemlerin ayrılmaz bir parçası olduğunu kabul etmektedir. Bu yüzden ekosistemlerin işleyişi ve hizmetlerinin anlaşılması önemlidir. Ekosistem hizmetleri, insanların ekosistemlerden sağladığı katkı veya faydalardır. Bu hizmetleri değerlendirmek için yapılan çalışmalar 1970’lerden bu yana giderek artmaktadır. Doğanın korunması, doğal kaynak yönetimi ve mekânsal planlama sürecine ekolojik değerlerin dahil edilmesi konusunda ekosistem hizmetleri yaklaşımı ekolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik değerlendirmeler sağlamaktadır. Günümüzde, mekânsal planlarda, doğa koruma ve doğal kaynak yönetimi stratejilerinde yer verilen “çevre” ve “gelişme” kavramları arasında mutlak bir denge sağlanamadığı görülmektedir. Bu durum Türkiye’nin de taraf olduğu, Avrupa Peyzaj Sözleşmesi’nde peyzajların korunması, yönetimi ve planlaması hususlarında yerel ve bölgesel çalışmaların yürütülmesi şeklinde de vurgulanmaktadır [5]. Ekosistem hizmetleri yaklaşımıyla mekânsal planlara ekolojik süreçleri dahil etmek mümkündür. Bu hizmetlerin belirlenmesi, haritalandırılması ve plan kararlarında yer verilmesi ile peyzajların korunması ve geliştirilmesi sağlanabilmektedir. Çalışmada, ekosistem hizmetlerinin ve sınıflarının kavramsal olarak anlaşılması ulusal / uluslararası literatür çerçevesinde ortaya konularak mekânsal planlama süreci, peyzaj planlama ve ekosistem hizmetlerinin ilişkisi, mekânsal planlar ve peyzaj planları ile ekosistem hizmetlerinin bütünleştirilmesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Ekosistem hizmetlerinin doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir kullanımında bir planlama aracı olması gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak Türkiye’ de mekânsal planlama sürecinde ekosistem hizmetlerinin kullanımına ilişkin bazı öneriler getirilmiştir.
The ecosystem approach promotes conservation and sustainable use of nature, recognizing that natural resources and people with cultural diversity are an integral part of ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to understand the functioning of ecosystems and their services. Ecosystem services are the contribution or benefits people provide from the ecosystems. The work on evaluating these services has been increasing since the 1970s. The ecosystem services approach to the conservation of nature, natural resources management and the inclusion of ecological values into the space planning process provides ecological, social and economic assessments. Today, it seems that there is no absolute balance between the concepts of "environment" and "development" included in spatial plans, conservation and natural resources management strategies. This situation is also emphasized in the European Landscape Convention, where Turkey is a party, in the form of local and regional work on the protection, management and planning of landscapes [5]. It is possible to include ecological processes in spatial plans with the approach to ecosystem services. Identification, maping and placing these services in the plan decisions and the conservation and development of the landscapes can be provided. In the study, the conceptual understanding of ecosystem services and their classes was presented in the framework of national / international literature and focused on the space planning process, landscape planning and the relationship of ecosystem services, space plans and landscape plans and the integration of ecosystem services. The need for ecosystem services to be a planning tool in the sustainable use of natural resources is emphasized. As a result, some recommendations have been made in Turkey on the use of ecosystem services in the spatial planning process.
The ecosystem approach promotes the conservation and sustainable use of nature, recognizing that natural resources and culturally diverse people are an integral part of ecosystems. Because of the fact that understanding the functioning and services of ecosystem is important. Ecosystem services are the contribution or benefits of people from ecosystems. Studies to evaluate these services have been increasing since the 1970s. Ecosystem services approach provides ecological, social and economic considerations in the field of nature conservation, natural resource management and spatial planning. Nowadays, it is seen that there is no absolute balance between the concepts of “environment” and development” included in spatial plans, nature conservation and natural resource management strategies. In this case, Turkey 's where the party is, in the European Landscape Convention; It also emphasizes the implementation of local and regional studies on conservation, management and planning of landscapes. With ecosystem services approach, it is possible to include ecological processes in spatial plans. These services can be identified, mapped and included in the plan decisions and protection and development of landscapes can be ensured. In this study, the conceptual understanding of ecosystem services and it’s classes are presented according to national / international literature, focusing on spatial planning process, relationship between landscape planning and ecosystem services, integration of spatial plans and landscape plans and ecosystem services. It is emphasized that ecosystem services should be a planning tool in the sustainable use of natural resources. As a result, some suggestions have been made regarding the use of ecosystem services in Turkey’s spatial planning process.
Field : Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik
Journal Type : Ulusal
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