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Birinci Dünya Savaşının devam ettiği 1917 yılında Rusya’da gerçekleşen halk ayaklanmaları sonucu Çarlık Rusya’sı sona ermiş, Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği (SSCB) adıyla Bolşevikler tarafından komünizm temelinde geniş bir coğrafyada yeni bir devlet kurulmuştur. Yeni devletin kuruluşundan önce Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi başlangıçta Çarlık Rusya’sından yana tavır almış, dinin halk üzerindeki etkisinden yararlanarak Bolşeviklere karşı propaganda başlatmıştır. Rus Devriminin başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleşmesinin ardından, yeni yönetim tarafından kilise devletten tasfiye edilmiş, faaliyetleri önemli ölçüde yasaklanmış, birçok din adamı tutuklanarak, sürgün edilerek ya da öldürülerek cezalandırılmıştır. Ancak İkinci Dünya Savaşının başlamasına kısa bir süre kala Stalin yönetimi dine olan ihtiyacı hissetmiş, kilisenin faaliyetlerine yeniden aşamalı bir şekilde izin vermiştir. Daha önce devrim karşıtı olan kilisenin bu kez yeni yönetimle siyasi çıkarlar doğrultusunda uyumlu olması Orwell’in romanında dinin politik çıkarlar doğrultusunda kullanılması konusunu dolaylı olarak gündemine getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Hayvan Çiftliği romanı örneği üzerinden Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi’nin önce devrim karşıtları tarafından daha sonra devrimciler tarafından nasıl suiistimal edildiği incelenmiş, ardından dinin politik istismarının nedenleri ve sonuçları ele alınmıştır.
As the first World War continued in 1917, the Tsarish Russia ended as a result of the mass rebellion in Russia, a new state was established by the Bolsheviks under the name of the Soviet Socialist Republics Union (SSCB) in a broad geography based on communism. Before the establishment of the new state, the Russian Orthodox Church initially took a position in favor of the Tsarist Russia, taking advantage of the influence of religion on the people, launching propaganda against the Bolsheviks. After the Russian Revolution successfully occurred, it was cleared from the church state by the new government, its activities were substantially banned, many religious men were arrested, deported or killed. But shortly before the beginning of the Second World War, Stalin's administration felt the need for religion, allowing the church's activities to be gradually re-activated. The previously anti-revolutionary church, this time in line with the new government for political interests, has indirectly brought the subject to the use of religion for political interests in Orwell’s novel. In this study, the example of the Animal Farm novel examined how the Russian Orthodox Church was first submissed by the anti-revolutionary then by the revolutionaries, and then discussed the causes and consequences of political abuse of religion.
After Tsarist Russia had come to an end as a result of the popular uprisings in Russia in 1917, when the First World War continued, a new state named the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established by the Bolsheviks in a wide geography on the basis of communism. Before the establishment of the new state, the Russian Orthodox Church initially favoured the Tsarist Russia and made propaganda against the Bolsheviks by taking advantage of the influence of religion on masses. After the success of the Russian Revolution, the church was purged of the state, its activities were significantly banned, and lots of clergymen were punished by being arrested, exiled, or murdered. However, shortly before the start of the Second World War, the Stalin administration had felt the need for religion and gradually allowed the activities of the church again. The fact that the previously anti-revolutionary church was compatible with the new regime in line with political interests made George Orwell put the issue of religious abuse indirectly on the agenda of his novel Animal Farm. In this study through the example of the novel Animal Farm, how the Russian Orthodox Church used first by anti-revolutionists, then by revolutionists has been examined. Then, the causes of political exploitation of religion and its consequences have been discussed.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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