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Siyaset Psikolojisi Perspektifinden Türk Milliyetçiliği: Gökalp’i Yeniden Düşünmek
2020
Journal:  
Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences
Author:  
Abstract:

Siyaset Psikolojisi, siyasal olguları psikolojik bir bakışla inceleyen bir disiplin olarak ortaya çıkarken, milliyetçilik konusunda da farklı kavram ve kuramlar üretmiştir. Siyaset Psikolojisinde milliyetçilik konusu, genellikle Sosyal Psikolojinin alanına dâhil olan toplumsal kimlik kuramlarıyla incelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte çalışmada ele alınacak olan Türk milliyetçiliğine dair Gökalp’in tasavvurlarında, yine çalışmada değerlendirilecek olan ve kalıpyargılar gibi işlev gören imgeler de göze çarpmaktadır. Bu, Türk milliyetçiliğinin de Siyaset Psikolojisi perspektifiyle incelenebileceğini göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda milliyetçilik literatüründe de, milliyetçiliğin açıklanması etrafında tartışmalar, farklı yaklaşımlar bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı etno-sembolist yaklaşım çerçevesinde, Türk milliyetçiliğini Siyaset Psikolojisi kuramlarıyla değerlendirmektir. Bu bağlamda toplumsal kimlik ve imge kuramlarıyla, milliyetçilik literatüründeki farklı yaklaşımların birbirleriyle nasıl eklemlenebileceği de çalışmanın kapsamında yer almaktadır. Bu amaçla, grup oluşumuna ilişkin kuramlar ve imge kuramları birincil ve ikincil kaynaklar ile aktarılmış, Türk siyasal düşüncesinde milliyetçilik konusunda temel bir yer teşkil eden Ziya Gökalp’in fikirleri, etno-sembolist yaklaşımdan yola çıkılarak, toplumsal kimlik ve imge kuramlarıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmede, Türk siyasal düşüncesinde milliyetçiliğin fikir babalarından biri sayılan Gökalp’in milliyetçilik tasavvurunun öne çıktığı iki çalışması olarak Türkleşmek, İslamlaşmak, Muasırlaşmak ve Türkçülüğün Esasları adlı eserleri bir söylem analizi metoduyla takip edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda, Gökalp’in Türk milliyetçiliği anlayışının Siyaset Psikolojisi bakışıyla, etnik bir zeminde toplumsal kimlik ifade ettiği, iç-grup kaynaşması ve dış-grup ayrımcılığı yüksek, tutum olarak milliyetçi ve dış-gruplara karşı örnek, haydut ve dışlanmış imgeler geliştiren bir iç-gruba tekabül ettiği görülmüştür.

Keywords:

Political Psychology Perspective of Turkish Nationalism: Re-Thinking of Gökalp
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

Political Psychology appears as a discipline that studies political facts from a psychological point of view, while nationalism has also produced different concepts and theories. In Political Psychology, the subject of nationalism has been studied by the social identity theories that are often included in the field of Social Psychology. However, in the designs of Gökalp about Turkish nationality that will be discussed in the study, the images that will be evaluated again in the study and function like modeling are also visible. This shows that Turkish nationalism can also be studied from a political psychology perspective. At the same time, in the literature of nationalism, there are discussions, different approaches around the declaration of nationalism. In this context, the purpose of the study is to evaluate Turkish nationality in the framework of the ethno-sembolic approach with the theories of Political Psychology. In this context, with the social identity and image theories, nationalism literature’s different approaches can be added to each other. For this purpose, the theories and theories of the group formation were transmitted through primary and secondary sources, the ideas of Ziya Gökalp, which formed a fundamental place in the Turkish political thought on nationalism, were evaluated by the ethno-sembolic approach, the social identity and theory of the image. In this assessment, the two works in which the nationalist designation of Gökalp, one of the ideas fathers of nationalism in Turkish political thought, was shown to be followed by a speech analysis method of the works called Turking, Islamizing, Muasirizing and Bases of Turkishness. At the end of the study, it was found that the understanding of Turkish nationalism by Gökalp in the political psychology perspective, expressed social identity on an ethnic ground, the internal-group cohesion and the external-group discrimination were high, the attitude against nationalists and external-groupes was equal to an internal-group that developed examples, thieves and excluded images.

Keywords:

Turkish Nationalism From The Perspective Of Political Psychology: Rethinking Gokalp
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

Political Psychology emerged as a discipline that examines political phenomena from a psychological perspective and produced various concepts and theories about nationalism. Thus, it shows that Turkish nationalism can be examined from the perspective of Political Psychology. At the same time, there are debates and different approaches around explaining the nationalism in the literature of nationalism. In this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate Turkish nationalism through theories of Political Psychology within the frame of an ethno-symbolist approach. To that end, theories about the group formation and images have been cited from primary and secondary sources. Thoughts of Ziya Gokalp, who took an important place in Turkish political thought in terms of nationalism have been evaluated with social identity and image theories from an ethno-symbolist approach. In this evaluation two of the works, Turkification, Islamisation, Modernisation (Turklesmek, Islamlasmak, Muasirlasmak) and the Principles of Turkism (Turkculugun Esaslari) in which the notion of nationalism came to the fore have been assessed by using a discourse analysis method. At the end of the work it will show that from a Political Psychology perspective, Gokalp’s conceptualisation of Turkish nationalism indicates a social identity on an ethnical basis and corresponds to an inner-group which has a high in-group solidarity and out-group discrimination, which is nationalistic in attitude and develops exemplary (ornek), rogue and excluded (dislanmis) images against the outer-groups.

Keywords:

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Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences

Field :   Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

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Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences