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Birkaç yıl sonra bir asrı devirecek olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti devletinin geçmişinde askeri müdahale, muhtıra ve darbe teşebbüsleri gibi Türk siyasal yaşamını ters-düz eden birçok olay örgüsü vardır. 1923’te kurulan genç Cumhuriyet, 27 Mayıs 1960 ve 12 Eylül 1980’de olmak üzere iki askeri müdahale 12 Mart 1971 ve 28 Şubat 1997’de olmak üzere iki askeri muhtıra 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde de bir darbe teşebbüsü ile karşı karşıya kaldı. 15 Temmuz dışında, bu süreçlerin aktif aktörü olan Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri, her askeri darbe ve muhtıradan sonra devlet yönetiminde yeni oluşumlara yöneldi. İşte bu anlamda askeri müdahaleyi gerçekleştirenlerin öncelikli amaçlarından biri, kurum olarak sivil denetimi mümkün olduğu kadar uzaklaştırmak oldu. Bu bağlamda, 15 Temmuz haricinde geçmişteki askeri darbe ve muhtıralar her alanda olduğu gibi siyaset kurumuna da çok zarar vermişti. Bu darbe ve muhtıralardan sonra parti kapatmaları, siyasî davalar, tutukluluklar ve idamlar yaşandı. Aktörleri, oluşum, gelişim ve sonuçlarıyla diğerlerinden ayrı ele alınması gereken 15 Temmuz darbe girişiminde ise Türk milletinin iradesini arkasına alan siyaset kurumu, tarihte ilk kez bir darbe girişiminin başarısız kalmasında önemli rol oynadı. 1960, 1971, 1980 ve 1997’deki oluşumlardan (1960 ve 1980 olanı) bütün siyasilerin iktidardan indirilip sonradan yerlerine yeni bir siyasi düzen kurulması şeklinde gerçekleşmişti. Diğer ikisi (1971 ve 1997) ise askeri gücün, devlet yönetimindeki siyasiler üzerinde baskı kurması şeklindeydi. Bu örneklemlerin Türkiye’deki siyasete doğrudan yahut dolayı biçimde etkisinden hareketle ele alınan ve dönemin kaynaklarına dayanılarak hazırlanan çalışmanın içeriğini, 27 Mayıs’tan 15 Temmuz’a Türkiye’de gerçekleşen askeri müdahalelerin siyasete olan etkisi oluşturmaktadır.
There are many events in the past of the Republic of Turkey, which will turn a century away, which reverse the political life of Turkey, such as military intervention, mutter and coup attempts. The young Republic, founded in 1923, faced two military interventions, 27 May 1960 and 12 September 1980; two military submissions, 12 March 1971 and 28 February 1997; and a coup attempt on 15 July 2016. Except on July 15, the Turkish Armed Forces, an active actor of these processes, turned to new formations in the state administration after every military coup and mutilation. In this sense, one of the primary objectives of those who performed military intervention was to remove civil inspection as much as possible as an institution. In this context, except on 15 July, the past military coup and massacres had great damage to the political institution, as in all areas. After the coup and the mountains there were party shutters, political cases, arrestations and executions. In the July 15 coup attempt, which should be dealt with by its actors, formation, development and consequences, the political institution behind the will of the Turkish people, for the first time in history played an important role in the failure of a coup attempt. From the formations in 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997 (1960 and 1980), all the politicians were removed from power and later in place in the form of the establishment of a new political order. The other two (1971 and 1997) were in the form of the military's pressure on the policies in the state administration. The contents of the work, which is handled with action from the influence of these examples on politics in Turkey directly or due to the form and prepared on the basis of the sources of the period, are the influence of the military interventions in Turkey from May 27 to July 15.
There are many plots like military coups, memorials, coup attempt that changed Turkish political life in the history of Turkey, which is nearly a century old. New young republic that established in 1923 came across two military coups; in 27 May 1960 and in 12 Semtember 1980 and two memorials; in 12 March 1971 and in 28 February 1997 and also one coup attempt in 15 July 2016. Except from 2016 July attempt, Turkish Armed Forces brought their new formation to the state management in all other interventions . One of the main aims of these interveners is to dectract civil governance from institutions as much as possible. In this context, except from 15 July coup attempt other interventions damaged politics and its institutions like did all other fields. After interventions Turkey experienced death penalties, political cases,imprisonments, closing political parties etc. On the other hand, for the first time in Republic of Turkey civil political institution that got Turkish Nation’s will played a significant role to fail 15 July 2016 Coup attempt that is different from other interventions by its actors, progress and outcomes. While 1960 and 1980 military interventions brought a new political order and owerthrowed old political parties and actors, 1971 and 1997 memorials were backstage opressions of soldiers to the political leaders. This work,based on sources of that area, includes the effects of military interventions to the politics that happened in the history of Turkey from 27 May to 15 July .
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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