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Bir Edebi Tür Olarak Gazavatnameler ve Dönemsel İçerik Analizi
2024
Journal:  
Avrasya İncelemeleri Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

Gazavatnameler, Osmanlı döneminde, özellikle Hristiyanlara karşı yapılan gazaları konu alan epik eserlerdir. Bu eserler XV. yüzyılda ortaya çıkmaya başlamış, XVI. yüzyılda Osmanlı’nın büyümesine paralel olarak en verimli dönemlerine ulaşmıştır. Devletin zayıflama dönemine girdiği andan itibaren savaşların kaybedilmeye başlanmasıyla bu eserler yavaş yavaş azalmış ve yenilgilerin bir silsile halinde devam etmesiyle bu eserlerin arkası kesilmiştir. Şu an bilinen 270’tan biraz fazla gazavatname bulunmaktadır. Gazavatnameler üzerine şimdiye kadar yapılan en önemli çalışma Agah Sırrı Levend’e aittir. Levend, bir iki sayfayla gazavatnameler hakkında bilgi aktarmış, kitabın büyük bir bölümününde gazavatnamelerin listesini vermiş ve eserin sonuna Mihaloğlu Ali Bey’in Gazavatnamesini eklemiştir. Bunun dışında Türk edebiyatı tarihini ele alan eserlerde gazavatnamelerle alakalı genel bilgiler bulunsa da gazavatnamelerin edebî türüne özgü bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar genellikle bu eserlerin Arap harflerinden Latin harflerine aktarımı veya dil çalışmaları şeklindedir. Bu makalede ise: Bu eserlerin türü nedir? Hangi edebî türde kabul edilmelidir? Müstakil bir tür müdür yoksa epik geleneğin bir devamı mıdır? Eğer müstakil bir tür ise epik eserlerle benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları nelerdir? tarzı soruların cevapları bulunmaya çalışılacaktır. Son olarak, XV. yüzyılda kaleme alınan gazavatnameler dönemin edebî, tarihi ve politik bağlamı dikkate alınarak değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords:

Ghazavatnames As A Litterary Genre and Periodic Content Analysis
2024
Author:  
Abstract:

Ghazavatnames are Ottoman popular epics that narrate the ghazas (wars against Christians). The Arabic maghazis, describing Prophet Muhammad’s wars, played a significant role in the development of ghazavatnames. A ghazi (warrior) is at the center of ghazavatnames, which can be classified into three groups. Some ghazavatnames describe the ghaza of a sultan and constitute a specific genre, whereas others deal with a vizier’s or commander’s ghaza. Finally, some narrate a single conquest. Ghazavatnames first appeared in the 15th century; their number increased in the 16th century, after which it diminished. A total of 270 ghazavatnames are known. Agah Sırrı Levend is the only scholar to have investigated the literary genre of the ghazavatname and written elaborately on the style in which these works narrate historical events. To the best of my knowledge, there has been no reflection on the ghazavatname genre so far. Scholars have primarily worked on transcribing the Arabic texts in Latin or have performed linguistic analyses. Levend’s book comprises a few pages that provide some information about the ghazavatnames. I aimed to investigate these texts for answers to simple questions: what are the ghazavatnames, what is their literary genre, and why have they been composed? In this article, the ghazavatnames are examined from a literary point of view. A challenge in this analysis was that only a few previous studies could be used for reference because although the ghazavatnames are of the artificial epic genre (such being my conclusion), Turkish and foreign scholars have primarily worked on natural epics with a nationalist approach. As the artificial epics were not composed within the people but were written in an artificial manner, they attracted little literary interest although they were valuable historical sources. Hence, I could find limited information about these artificial epics, the manner in which they appeared, and their criteria. Thus, I attempted to define the ghazavatname genre by comparing it with the natural epics.

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Avrasya İncelemeleri Dergisi

Field :   Hukuk; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler

Journal Type :   Ulusal

Metrics
Article : 221
Cite : 523
Avrasya İncelemeleri Dergisi