Abstract:

This article examines al-kalam (Islamic theology) and fiqh (Islamic law; jurisprudence) in al-Fârâbî’s philosophical system. The two science are investigated initially as religious sciences in traditional classificition of sciences in Islamic thought. But, Al-Fârâbî firstly classified sciences as theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy on the ground of traditional philosophical division of theoretical intellect and practical intellect based on Aristotle. The practical sciences consist of politics, ethic, and management of home. In this context, Al-Fârâbî nominated the sciences under the science of society as universial in respect with their themes, methods, and principles. Because of fiqh and kalam are following conditions of a specific religion, they are not formulated as the same status in terms with their sources, methods, and themes. This article examines al-Fârâbî’s descriptions of the two religious sciences, attributes of specialists of two sciences, and methods of two sciences. 

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