Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) yaşadığımız çevreye, olaylara tarafsız kalma veya sorumsuz davranabilme ihtimalini reddeden ve bu düşüncesini temel yapıtı Varlık ve Hiçlik’te (Fenomenolojik Ontoloji Denemesi) (1943) varlığın anlamını sorgularken, insan varlığının, varolmasındaki süreçte önceden belirlenmiş öz düşüncesini yok sayar. Sartre’a göre, insanın kendi varlığı ve diğer varolanlar arasındaki ilişkiyi anlama çabası, varoluşunu inşa etme süreci, sadece hümanist ateist bir varoluşçu çizgi ile mümkün olacaktır. Bu çalışma öncelikli olarak, varoluş felsefesinin ahlak alanına bakışını inceleyerek varolan tüm değerlerin yeniden oluşturulma talebini ele alır. Daha sonra, Sartre’ın estetik teorisine ilişkin görüşlerini Edebiyat Nedir? (1947) ve Estetik Üzerine Denemeler (1963) yapıtı ile ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. İnsanlığa yön veren, onları harekete geçiren, ontolojik varlığını belirleyen sanat, Sartre’a göre başıboş, tasmasız bir köpek gibi davranamaz. Onun bağlı olma, özgürlük talebinde bulunma ve topluma angaje olma özelliği vardır. Bu çağrı tüm sanat dalları için özgürlüğe yöneliktir. Özgürlüğe ilişkin yapılan bu çağrı sorumluluk bilincinden bağımsız düşünülemez. Sartre’a göre bir özgürlük talebi olarak bu sanatsal eylemden hepimiz sorumluyuz, sanatçı da bu sorumluluğa hizmet edecek olandır. Böylelikle Sartre, Ontoloji Denemesini, Estetik yapıtında somut örnekler vererek, olanak ve uygulanabilirliğini göstermiş olur. Son olarak bu çalışma, işaret edilen iki metin arasındaki bağlantı ile birlikte Fenomenolojik Ontolojik Deneme’ye hizmet edip edemeyeceğini gösterme peşindedir.
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) rejects the possibility of being neutral or unresponsible to the environment in which we live, and is the foundation of this thought in Existence and Absence (Fenomenological Ontology Experiment) (1943) while questioning the meaning of existence, he disregards the predefined self-thought of human existence in the process of existence. According to Sartre, the effort of man to understand the relationship between his own existence and the other existents, the process of building his existence, will be possible only with a humanist atheist existence line. This study primarily addresses the demand for the reconstruction of all existing values by examining the view of the moral field of existence philosophy. What is Sartre’s views on the theory of aesthetics? (1947) and Tests on Aesthetics (1963) aims to reveal with the structure. The art that directs humanity, moves them, determines their ontological existence, according to Sartre, cannot behave like a foolish, unclean dog. It has the characteristic of being attached, seeking freedom and engaging in society. This calls for freedom for all the branches of art. This call for freedom cannot be considered independent of the consciousness of responsibility. According to Sartre, as a demand for freedom, we are all responsible for this artistic action, and the artist is the one who will serve this responsibility. Thus, Sartre has shown the possibility and applicability of the Ontology Test, by giving concrete examples in aesthetic creation. Finally, this study seeks to show whether it can serve the Phenomenological Ontological Test along with the link between the two marked texts.
çJean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) rejecting the possibility of being impartial or irresponsible regarding our environment and the events taking place where we live, questions the meaning of being in his basic work, Being and Nothingness (Phenomenological Ontology Essay) (1943), and ignores a predetermined idea of self in the process of existence of the human being. According to Sartre, the effort to understand the relationship between one's existence and other existences, and the process of building this existence will only be possible with a humanist atheist existentialist line. This study primarily addresses the demand for reconstruction of all existing values by examining the view of the philosophy of existence to the moral field. Later, our intention is to use Sartre's views on aesthetic theory in What is Literature? (1947) and Essays on Aesthetics (1963) to reveal his studies. According to Sartre, the art that guides humanity, that drives it, that determines its ontological existence, cannot act like a stray, leash-free dog. It can be connected, demand freedom, and engage with society. This announcement is aimed at freedom for all branches of art. This call for freedom cannot be considered independent of responsibility. To Sartre, we are responsible for this artistic act as a demand for freedom, and the artist is the one who will serve this responsibility. Thus, Sartre demonstrates the possibility and applicability of the Ontology Essay by giving concrete examples in his aesthetic study. Finally, this study seeks to show whether it can serve the Phenomenological Ontological Essay along with the link between the two texts marked..
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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