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Histopatolojik özellikleriyle langerhans hücreli histiyositoz, tek merkez deneyimi
2019
Journal:  
Pediatric Practice and Research
Author:  
Abstract:

Amaç: LHH (Langerhans hücreli histiyositoz) nadir histiyositik bir hastalıktır, her yıl milyonda 2-10 çocukta ve milyonda 1-2 erişkinde karşılaşılır, oldukça çeşitli klinik tablolarla hemen her organda infiltrasyon gelişebilir (en sık bildirilen organlar kemik, deri, lenf nodları, akciğerler, timus, karaciğer, dalak, kemik iliği ve santral sinir sistemidir). Bölümümüze patolojik inceleme için gönderilen ve LHH tanısı alan pediatrik olgularda lezyonların histopatolojik özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi ve literatür bilgilerini gözden geçirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak, 2012-2019 yıllarında LHH tanısı alan çocukluk çağındaki olgular hastane otomasyon sistemiyle taranarak tespit edildi. Olguların yaş, cinsiyet, lezyon lokalizasyonları, histopatolojik özellikleri gözden geçirildi. Bulgular: 5’i erkek, 5’i kız 10 olgu tespit edildi. En küçük 3’ü 1 yaşından küçüktü, en büyüğü 16 yaşındaydı. Lokalizasyon olguların 6’sında kemik (2’sinde femur, 3’ünde kafa kemiği, 1’inde skapula), 2’sinde deri, 1’inde kemik ve lenf nodu, 1’inde akciğer ve lenf noduydu. Histopatolojilerinde tümünde çentikli nükleuslu, eozinofilik sitoplazmalı histiyositik hücreler ve eozinofiller, bazı olgularda nötrofiller mevcuttu. Tüm olgularda immünohistokimyasal CD1a pozitifti ve S100 uygulanan 9 olguda, CD68 uygulanan 4 olguda pozitiflik mevcuttu. Ki67 proliferasyon indeksi kemik yerleşimli 2 olguda çalışılmıştı, %15 ve %20 oranlarındaydı. Sonuç: LHH terimi bu hastalıktaki infiltrasyonu oluşturan hücrelerin deri ve mukozalarda dendritik hücreler olarak özelleşmiş Langerhans hücrelerine morfolojik ve immünfenotipik olarak benzemeleri nedeniyledir. Fakat bu hücreler derinin Langerhans hücrelerinden değil kemik iliğinin myeloid progenitör hücrelerinden köken alır. Çeşitli çalışmalarda LHH’da BRAFV600E mutasyonu gösterilmiştir. Günümüzde LHH terimi önerilmektedir geçmişte kullanılan histiyositozis-X, Letterer-Siwe hastalığı, Hand-Schüller-Christian hastalığı ve diffüz retiküloendoteliozis terkedilmiştir. Tek lezyon varlığında, özellikle litik kemik lezyonunda eozinofilik granülom terimi kullanılabilmektedir. Olgularımızdaki gibi, çoğunlukla tek veya multipl osteolitik kemik lezyonlarıyla, daha az oranda diğer organ tutulumlarıyla ortaya çıkar. Çentikli nükleuslu histiyositlerin infiltrasyonuyla karakterlidir, lenfositler, nötrofiller, makrofajlar ve eozinofiller eşlik eder, fibrozis, nekroz gelişebilir. İmmünohistokimyasal S100, CD1a, Langerin pozitiftir, CD68 değişkendir. Ayırıcı tanıda lokalizasyona göre akut myelomonositik lösemi, lenfoma, mastositoz, osteomyelit, masif lenfadenopatili sinüs histiyositoz düşünülmelidir.

Keywords:

Langerhans cell histiocytosis with histopathological features, single center experience Histopatolojik özellikleriyle langerhans hücreli histiyositoz, tek merkez deneyimi
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare histiocytic disease, occurring in 2-10 children per million and 1-2 adults per million, and may have a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Infiltration can develop in almost any organ (the most commonly organs are bone, skin, lymph nodes, lungs, thymus, liver, spleen, bone marrow and central nervous system). We aimed to evaluate the histopathological features of the lesions and review the literature in pediatric patients referred to our department for pathological examination and diagnosed as LCH. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, childhood cases diagnosed with LCH in 2012-2019 were screened by hospital automation system. Age, gender, lesion localizations of the cases were recorded and histopathological features were reviewed. Results: 5 male and 5 female total of 10 cases were detected. The youngest 3 were under the age of 1, the oldest was 16 years old. Localization; 6 of the cases were bone (2 femur, 3 skull bone, 1 scapula), 2 skin, 1 bone and lymph nodes, 1 lung and lymph nodes. Histopathology revealed histiocytic cells with grooved nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm with eosinophils, and neutrophils in some cases. Immunohistochemical CD1a staining was positive in all cases and positivities were present with S100 in applied 9 cases, CD68 in 4. Ki67 proliferation index was studied in 2 patients with bone localization, 15% and 20%. Conclusion: The term LCH is due to the morphological and immunophenotypic similarity of the infiltrating cells of this disease to Langerhans cells specialized as dendritic cells in the skin and mucous membranes. But these cells do not originate from the Langerhans cells of the skin, but from the myeloid progenitor cells of the bone marrow. Several studies have shown the BRAF-V600E mutation in LCH. The term LCH is currently recommended; histiocytosis-X, Letterer-Siwe disease, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease and diffuse reticuloendotheliosis were abandoned. The term eosinophilic granuloma may be used in the presence of a single lesion, especially in lytic bone lesions. As in our cases, it usually occurs with single or multiple osteolytic bone lesions and to a lesser extent with other organ involvement. It is characterized by infiltration of grooved nuclei histiocytes, accompanied by lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils, and areas of fibrosis and necrosis may develop. Immunohistochemical S100, CD1a, Langerin are positive, CD68 is variable. In the differential diagnosis, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, lymphoma, mastocytosis, osteomyelitis, sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy should be considered.

Keywords:

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With Histopathological Features, Single Center Experience
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare histiocytic disease, occurring in 2-10 children per million and 1-2 adults per million, and may have a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Infiltration can develop in almost any organ (the most commonly reported organs are bone, skin, lymph nodes, lungs, thymus, liver, spleen, bone marrow and central nervous system). We aimed to evaluate the histopathological features of the lesions and review the literature in pediatric patients referred to our department for pathological examination and diagnosed as LCH. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, childhood cases diagnosed with LCH in 2012-2019 were screened by hospital automation system. Age, gender, lesion localizations of the cases were recorded and histopathological features were reviewed. Results: 5 male and 5 female total of 10 cases were detected. The youngest 3 were under the age of 1, the oldest was 16 years old. Localization; 6 of the cases were bone (2 femur, 3 skull bone, 1 scapula), 2 skin, 1 bone and lymph node, 1 lung and lymph node. Histopathology revealed histiocytic cells with grooved nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm with eosinophils, and neutrophils in some cases. Immunohistochemical CD1a staining was positive in all cases and positivities were present with S100 in applied 9 cases, CD68 in 4. Ki67 proliferation index was studied in 2 patients with bone localization, 15% and 20%. Conclusion: The term LCH is due to the morphological and immunophenotypic similarity of the infiltrating cells of this disease to Langerhans cells specialized as dendritic cells in the skin and mucous membranes. But these cells do not originate from the Langerhans cells of the skin, but from the myeloid progenitor cells of the bone marrow. Several studies have shown the BRAF-V600E mutation in LCH. The term LCH is currently recommended; histiocytosis-X, Letterer-Siwe disease, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease and diffuse reticuloendotheliosis were abandoned. The term eosinophilic granuloma may be used in the presence of a single lesion, especially in lytic bone lesions. As in our cases, it usually occurs with single or multiple osteolytic bone lesions and to a lesser extent with other organ involvement. It is characterized by infiltration of grooved nuclei histiocytes, accompanied by lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils, and areas of fibrosis and necrosis may develop. Immunohistochemical S100, CD1a, Langerin are positive, CD68 is variable. In the differential diagnosis, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, lymphoma, mastocytosis, osteomyelitis, sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy should be considered.

Keywords:

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Pediatric Practice and Research

Field :   Sağlık Bilimleri

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

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Pediatric Practice and Research